Lignocellulosic Materials as Reinforcement of Polyhydroxybutyrate and its Copolymer with Hydroxyvalerate: A Review
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REVIEW
Lignocellulosic Materials as Reinforcement of Polyhydroxybutyrate and its Copolymer with Hydroxyvalerate: A Review Jorge R. Robledo‑Ortíz1 · Martín E. González‑López2 · Alan S. Martín del Campo2 · Aida A. Pérez‑Fonseca2 Accepted: 17 November 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The biodegradable nature of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) is an outstanding feature for the replacement of petroleum-based polymers. The most studied PHAs are polyhydroxybutyrate and its copolymer with hydroxyvalerate. However, PHAs have a considerably higher cost than conventional polymers, which is one of the main obstacles to their growth in the polymers market. Also, its high brittleness, low impact strength, and high processing temperature must be improved. In this sense, incorporating natural fibers to PHAs does not compromise their eco-friendly nature; conversely, they could even enhance the biodegradation rate while bringing significant cost reduction and a reinforcement effect. Moreover, natural fibers are usually wasted from industrial processes without any added-value. This review summarizes the published literature and the state-of-the-art of PHAs-based biocomposites. An extensive discussion is presented about lignocellulosic fibers’ effect on the thermal, mechanical, and biodegradation properties, and fiber-matrix adhesion, as well as the use of compatibilizers, plasticizers, and processing methods. Keywords Biopolymers · Biocomposites · Lignocellulosic fibers · Biodegradable · Mechanical properties
Introduction The use of biopolymers as eco-friendly materials for the replacement of conventional polymers has gained attention due to society and governments’ concern for the environment, doubling their market size between 2005 and 2009 [1]. Currently, the industry of biopolymers has increased the production and variety, developing biopolymers such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), cellulose acetate, polycaprolactone (PCL), and bio-polyethylene, among others. Waste management of these biopolymers is possible through mechanical and organic recycling or biodegradation, as many of them undergo several structural changes and deterioration by the action of microorganisms [2]. Along with the growing interest in PHAs, some reviews have been published in the literature in the last decade regarding PHAs blends and their applications [3–7]. Also, * Aida A. Pérez‑Fonseca [email protected] 1
Departamento de Madera, Celulosa y Papel, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, México
Departamento de Ingeniería Química, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
2
reports of the use of different biopolymers and their impact on the environment can be found [1, 8, 9]. On the other hand, lignocellulosic materials are the most common fibers residues [10]. Lignocellulosic materials have been an attractive alternative to reinforce polymers and produce composite materials due to their low cost, renewability, biodegradab
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