Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging Methods and Protocols

The advent of non-invasive imaging technology, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has allowed biologists and clinicians to make great strides in unraveling the secrets of the brain. In Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging: Methods and Protocols, expert

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MO L E C U L A R BI O L O G Y

Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK

For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/7651

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Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging Methods and Protocols

Edited by

Michel Modo Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, UK

Jeff W.M. Bulte Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, and Cellular Imaging Section, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

Editors Michel Modo Department of Neuroscience Institute of Psychiatry King’s College London London, SE5 9NU, UK [email protected]

Jeff W.M. Bulte Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science Division of MR Research Cellular Imaging Section Institute for Cell Engineering The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA [email protected]

ISSN 1064-3745 e-ISSN 1940-6029 ISBN 978-1-61737-991-8 e-ISBN 978-1-61737-992-5 DOI 10.1007/978-1-61737-992-5 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface To visualize the inside of a living human brain has been the goal of physicians since ancient times. The advent of noninvasive imaging technology, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), during the latter half of the twentieth century has allowed for the opening of new vistas of the inner workings of the brain to biologists and clinicians on a daily basis. Great strides in unraveling the secrets of the brain have been achieved since the widespread implementation of imaging protocols in universities and hospitals. The gradual merging of molecular biology and imaging techniques at the beginning of the twenty-first century n