Magnetic solid phase preconcentration of cadmium in water samples using sulfonic acid functionalized Kit-6 magnetite mes
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Magnetic solid phase preconcentration of cadmium in water samples using sulfonic acid functionalized Kit‑6 magnetite mesoporous nanocomposites followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry Shahab Shariati1 · Nasrin Parto1 · Elahe Bozorgzadeh2 · Pegah Zanjanchi3 · Sara Rahnama1 Received: 22 April 2020 / Accepted: 29 June 2020 © Iranian Chemical Society 2020
Abstract In this study, a simple and sensitive extraction method has been developed for preconcentration of trace amounts of cadmium ions using Kit-6 magnetite mesoporous nanocomposites (MMNCs) functionalized with sulfonic acid groups as adsorbent in solid phase extraction followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. For this purpose, the Kit-6 mesoporous silica was chemically synthesized on the surface of silica-coated magnetite core and functionalized by sulfonic acid groups to obtain Fe3O4@SiO2@Kit-6-SO3H. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, SEM, VSM and EDX methods. Various parameters affecting adsorption/desorption efficiencies were investigated using Taguchi orthogonal array design. The maximum extraction efficiency of cadmium ions was obtained at pH = 8, sorbent weight = 0.1 g, ionic strength = 0, stirring time = 15 min, sample volume = 100 mL, time of desorption = 5 min, concentration and volume of HCl solution as desorption solvent 0.1 M and 3 mL, respectively. The linear dynamic range, limit of detection, enhancement factor and relative standard deviation (RSD %) of the proposed method were obtained as 0.5–100 µg L−1 (R2 = 0.9982), 0.4 µg L−1, 26.9 and 3.5%, respectively. Finally, the study of proposed MMNC adsorbent for real sample and investigating the interference potential of foreign ions successfully confirmed the ability of MMNCs for preconcentration and determination of trace levels of cadmium ions. Keywords Cadmium · Magnetic · Nanocomposite · Solid phase extraction · Sulfonic acid groups
Introduction Heavy metal ions are toxic pollutants which exist widely in wastewater, and their presence concerns environmental organizations all over the word. Exposure to cadmium has been proved to have adverse effects on heart and bones. Ubiquitous heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) are proven to be chemically stable and, as a result, human beings are highly at risk of an inevitable exposure to these * Shahab Shariati [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
2
Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
3
Young Researchers and Elite Club, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran
life-threatening heavy metals through environment [1, 2]. Anthropic industrial or mining activities are the main cause of the presence of Cd2+ in water [3]. Exposure to Cd2+ can cause health problems such as hypertension, bone diseases, liver and kidney damages [4, 5]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline, the allowable value of Cd2+ in drinking water is 5
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