Micro/Nanotribology and Materials Characterization Studies Using Scanning Probe Microscopy
A sharp AFM/FFM tip sliding on a surface simulates just one asperity contact. However, asperities come in all shapes and sizes. The effect of radius of a single asperity (tip) on the friction/adhesion performance can be studied using tips of different rad
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.1 Description of AFM/FFM and Various Measurement Techniques .... 17.1.1 Surface Roughness and Friction Force Measurements ... 17.1.2 Adhesion Measurements ............... 17.1.3 Scratching, Wear and Fabrication/Machining............ 17.1.4 Surface Potential Measurements .... 17.1.5 In Situ Characterization of Local Deformation Studies ......... 17.1.6 Nanoindentation Measurements .... 17.1.7 Localized Surface Elasticity and Viscoelasticity Mapping .......... 17.1.8 Boundary Lubrication Measurements ............................. 17.2 Friction and Adhesion ........................... 17.2.1 Atomic-Scale Friction.................... 17.2.2 Microscale Friction........................ 17.2.3 Directionality Effect on Microfriction 17.2.4 Velocity Dependence on Microfriction ........................... 17.2.5 Effect of Tip Radii and Humidity on Adhesion and Friction .............. 17.2.6 Scale Dependence on Friction ........ 17.3 Scratching, Wear, Local Deformation, and Fabrication/Machining.................... 17.3.1 Nanoscale Wear ........................... 17.3.2 Microscale Scratching.................... 17.3.3 Microscale Wear ........................... 17.3.4 In Situ Characterization of Local Deformation .................... 17.3.5 Nanofabrication/Nanomachining ... 17.4 Indentation ......................................... 17.4.1 Picoindentation ........................... 17.4.2 Nanoscale Indentation.................. 17.4.3 Localized Surface Elasticity and Viscoelasticity Mapping .......... 17.5 Boundary Lubrication ........................... 17.5.1 Perfluoropolyether Lubricants ........ 17.5.2 Self-Assembled Monolayers ........... 17.5.3 Liquid Film Thickness Measurements ............................. 17.6 Closure ................................................ References ..................................................
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Part C 17
Micro/Nanotri 17. Micro/Nanotribology and Materials Characterization Studies Using Scanning Probe Microscopy
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Part C
Nanotribology and Nanomechanics
Part C 17
The mechanisms and dynamics of the interactions of two contacting solids during relative motion ranging from atomic- to microscale need to be understood in order to develop a fundamental understanding of adhesion, friction, wear, indentation, and lubrication processes. At most solid-solid interfaces of technological relevance contact occurs at many asperities. Consequently, the importance of investigating single asperity contacts in studies of the fundamental micro/nanomechanical and micro/nanotribological properties of surfaces and interfaces has long been recognized. The recent emergence and proliferation of proximal probes, including scanning probe microscopies (the scanning tunneling microscope and the atomic force microscope), the surface force apparatus, and computational techniques for simulating tip-surface interactions and interfacial properties, have allowed systematic investigatio
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