Multi-residue Determination of Bisphenol Compounds in Feed Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and Dispersive Solid-Pha
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ORIGINAL
Multi‑residue Determination of Bisphenol Compounds in Feed Using Ultrasound‑Assisted Extraction and Dispersive Solid‑Phase Extract Followed by High‑Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detector Lin Xiong1,2,3 · Jie Pei1,2,3 · Xiaoyun Wu1,2,3 · Chunnian Liang1,2,3 · Xian Guo1,2,3 · Pengjia Bao1,2 · Min Chu1,2 · Xixi Yao1,2 · Ping Yan1,2,3 Received: 16 January 2020 / Revised: 31 August 2020 / Accepted: 3 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Monitoring of bisphenols (BPs) in feed is a necessary process for the security of food of animal origin. In this study, a method was established to simultaneously detect bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol C (BPC), bisphenol E (BPE), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol AP (BPAP), bisphenol Z (BPZ), bisphenol P (BPP) and bisphenol PH (BPPH) in feed. A simple and rapid pretreatment procedure was developed using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE), and then the prepared sample was analysed by high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) with fluorescence detector (FLD). Finally, the operating conditions of UAE, DSPE, and HPLC were all optimised to increase the sample throughput and sensitivity. Under the optimized conditions, good linearities were obtained for nine BPs with the correlation coefficients (R2) above 0.995; the recoveries of nine BPs in spiked feed samples were in the range of 82.56–103.87% and relative standard deviations (RSDs) were in the range of 2.4–13.40%; the limits of detections (LODs) and quantitations (LOQs) were in the range of 1.0–5.0 and 3.3–16.6 μg kg − 1, respectively. The results clearly demonstrated the developed method provided the reliable screening and quantification of nine BPs in feed and possessed the advantages including low cost, quick, and simple. Graphic abstract
Keywords Bisphenols (BPs) · Multi-residue determination · Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) · Dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE) · Feed
Introduction * Ping Yan [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Feed safety greatly impacts on the safety of animal products including meat, egg, and milk; meanwhile, the safety of animal products affects the human healthy. So feed,
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food, and human health come down in one continuous line, and feed safety is closely linked with people’s living standard and healthy [1, 2]. As everyone knows, multiple toxic and harmful substances can cause the problem of feed safety. BPA is a kind of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and wildly used in a lot of daily necessities including liquid containers, inner linings of metal cans, surface coatings, toys, medical devices and so on [3]. Because of industrial pollution, it wildly exists in nature now, such as river, lake, and soil. Worse, the agricultural animals like pig, chicken, cow and sheep accumulate BPA in the body through ecological chain, and the basic process is as follows: first, many plants in
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