Extraction and preconcentration of Bisphenol A and 4-Nonylphenol in aqueous solutions using microfunnel supported liquid
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Extraction and preconcentration of Bisphenol A and 4‑Nonylphenol in aqueous solutions using microfunnel supported liquid‑phase microextraction prior to high performance liquid chromatography Shahab Shariati1 · Katayoon Yekeh Falah1 · Abolfazl Saleh2 · Saeideh Molaei3 Received: 28 May 2020 / Accepted: 28 September 2020 © Iranian Chemical Society 2020
Abstract In this study, liquid-phase microextraction using low-density extraction solvents with microfunnel was applied for the extraction and preconcentration of Bisphenol A and 4-Nonylphenol in aqueous samples. The goal of the present method is to develop a special device that allows organic solvent remain on the surface of aqueous phase as a thin layer during the extraction time. At the end of extraction period, organic phase containing the extracted analytes was collected easily and analyzed by HPLC–FLD. Toluene used as extraction solvent and some of experimental parameters were optimized by L16 Taguchi experimental design. According to the results, the volume of extraction solvent as well as ionic strength showed significant effect on the extraction recovery. Under the optimum conditions (sample volume: 320 mL; pH 8.0; ionic strength: 10% (w/v) NaCl, extraction time: 90 min and extractant: 600 μL toluene), limit of detection, limit of quantification and dynamic linear range of the proposed method for Bisphenol A were calculated as 0.05, 0.2 and 0.2–62.5 μg L−1, and for Nonylphenol were obtained as 3.1, 6.2 and 6.2–125 μg L−1, respectively. Keywords Bisphenol A · Liquid-phase microextraction · Microfunnel · Nonylphenol
Introduction Bisphenol A (BPA) and Nonylphenol (NP) are carbon-based synthetic compounds with the chemical formula C15H16O2 and C15H24O, respectively. BPA is a monomer that employed to make certain plastic, epoxy resins, polyesters and polycarbonates such as baby and water bottle [1, 2], food cans, vegetable packaging, paints, coating and building materials [3–6]. NP can be produced industrially, naturally and by the environmental degradation of alkylphenols ethoxylates. It is used in the manufacturing of antioxidants, lubricants, emulsifiers, dish and laundry detergents [7, 8]. * Shahab Shariati [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
2
Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, Tehran, Iran
3
Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi (Tarbiat Moallem) University, Tehran, Iran
Materials containing BPA and NP can be hydrolyzed at high temperatures or in acidic and basic situations. They enter into the environmental water and food chain and finally contaminate them [2–4, 9]. Thus, these materials have been attended from many years ago due to their estrogenic effects and are known as endocrine disrupting chemicals [10]. They called xenoestrogens, and caused some male/female diseases occur in human/animal body that can produce sexual dysfunction [4], hormone biosynthesis, metabolism, homeostatic control problems, cancer, fertility problems th
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