Nanoscience The Science of the Small in Physics, Engineering, Chemis
Nanoscience stands out for its interdisciplinarity. Barriers between disciplines disappear and the fields tend to converge at the very smallest scale, where basic principles and tools are universal. Novel properties are inherent to nanosized systems due t
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Hans-Eckhardt Schaefer
Nanoscience The Science of the Small in Physics, Engineering, Chemistry, Biology and Medicine
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Prof. Dr. Hans-Eckhardt Schaefer Universität Stuttgart Fak. Mathematik und Physik Institut für Theoretische und Angewandte Physik Pfaffenwaldring 57 70569 Stuttgart Germany [email protected]
ISBN 978-3-642-10558-6 e-ISBN 978-3-642-10559-3 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-10559-3 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010928839 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: eStudio Calamar S.L. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
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Preface
Nanoscience is an interdisciplinary field of science which has its early beginnings in the 1980s. At small dimensions of a few nanometers (billionths of a meter) new physical properties emerge, often due to quantum mechanical effects. During the last decades, additionally novel microscopical techniques have been developed in order to observe, measure, and manipulate objects at the nanoscale. It rapidly turned out that nanosized features not only play a role in physics and materials sciences but also are most relevant in chemistry, biology, and medicine, giving rise to new fenestrations between these disciplines and wide application prospects. The early precursors to this book on Nanoscience date back to the 1990s when the author initiated a course on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology at Stuttgart University, Germany, based on his early studies of nanostructured solids which were performed due to most stimulating discussions in the early 1980s with Herbert Gleiter and the late Arno Holz, at that time at Saarbrücken University. Together with the growing interdisciplinarity of the field, the author’s research and teaching activities in nanoscience were extended at Stuttgart University and at research laboratories in South America, Japan, China, and Russia. During these research and teaching activities it became clear that a comprehensive yet concise text which comprises the current literature on nanoscience from physics to materials science, chemistry, biology, and medicine would be h
