Occurrence and potential risk of organophosphorus pesticides in urbanised Linggi River, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
- PDF / 1,354,902 Bytes
- 13 Pages / 547.087 x 737.008 pts Page_size
- 92 Downloads / 202 Views
(0123456789().,-volV) ( 01234567 89().,-volV)
ORIGINAL PAPER
Occurrence and potential risk of organophosphorus pesticides in urbanised Linggi River, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia Azim Haziq Zainuddin . Sze Yee Wee . Ahmad Zaharin Aris
Received: 3 May 2019 / Accepted: 24 May 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The application of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) increased gradually because of the rise in global food demand that triggered the agriculture sector to increase the production, leading to OPP residues in the surface water. This study elucidated the presence of OPPs and estimated its ecological risk in the riverine ecosystem of the urbanised Linggi River, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. The OPP concentration in surface water was determined using solid-phase extraction method and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection. Further, the ecological risk was estimated by using the risk quotient (RQ) method. The three OPPs, i.e. chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and quinalphos were detected with mean concentrations of 0.0275 lg/L, 0.0328 lg/ L, and 0.0362 lg/L, respectively. The OPPs were at high risk (in general and worst cases) under acute exposure. The estimated risk of diazinon was observed as medium for general (RQm = 0.5857) and high for worst cases (RQex = 4.4678). Notably, the estimated risk for chlorpyrifos was high for both general and
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00604-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorised users. A. H. Zainuddin S. Y. Wee A. Z. Aris (&) Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia e-mail: [email protected]
worst cases (RQm = 1.9643 and RQex = 11.5643) towards the aquatic ecosystem of the Linggi River. Chronic risk of quinalphos remains unknown because of the absence of toxicity endpoints. This study presented clear knowledge regarding OPP contamination and possible risk for aquatic ecosystems. Hence, OPPs should be listed as one of the main priority contaminants in pesticide mitigation management in the future. Keywords Organophosphorus pesticide (OPP) Surface water SPE-HPLC-DAD Risk assessment Riverine ecosystem Linggi River
Introduction In 2050, the projected human population is approximately 9 billion, and the agriculture sector is set to increase its production to meet the global food demand (Alexandratos and Bruinsma 2012). One of the key environmental issues that constantly arise from the agriculture sector is the application of excessive pesticides and toxicity effect on the environment and public health (Dawson et al. 2010). Pesticides, which are identified as the common pollutants, are chemical compounds used to overcome agriculture-related problems such as pest, insect, fungi, rodent, and weed infestations for the past few decades (US EPA 2012).
123
Environ Geochem Health
Pesticides are defined as a mixture of compounds (active and inert ingre
Data Loading...
