Optimization of an abiotic elicitor (ultrasound) treatment conditions on trans-resveratrol production from Kalecik Karas
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Optimization of an abiotic elicitor (ultrasound) treatment conditions on trans-resveratrol production from Kalecik Karası (Vitis vinifera L.) grape skin Ebru Erte1 • Nilu¨fer Vural1
•
¨ lku¨ Mehmetog˘lu1 U
•
Afife Gu¨venc¸1
Revised: 25 May 2020 / Accepted: 13 August 2020 Ó Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India) 2020
Abstract Grapes are known to synthesize resveratrol, a stilbene phytoalexin, associated with cancer chemopreventive activity and cardioprotection. The effect of ultrasound (US) abiotic elicitor treatments on trans-resveratrol content in Kalecik Karası fresh and frozen grape skin was determined. D-optimal point change design was used under RSM for the experimental design of US treatment. The optimization was solved with the help of the Pareto areas and the optimal input variable values were determined by the desirability function with fuzzy similar perceivable ratio method. The optimum conditions of US treatment for fresh grape skin were determined as follows: incubation time—24 h, US application method-(P01), US frequency—20 kHz, US treatment time—60 min and ultrasonic intensity (UI)—1.15 W cm-2. The trans-resveratrol content (0.18 ± 0.01 mg/g) in the untreated grape skin significantly increased with optimum US treatment (3.58 ± 0.08 mg/g), increasing production to 19.9 times. Keywords Grape skin Trans-resveratrol D-optimal design Desirability function optimization Abiotic elicitor Ultrasound
& Nilu¨fer Vural [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, Ankara University, Do¨gol Street 06100 10th Year Campus, Bes¸ evler/Ankara, Turkey
Introduction Phytochemicals in the chemical, cosmetic and agricultural sectors, especially in the pharmaceutical industry, are irreplaceable and economically important. In recent years, the number of groups actively working on natural products has increased dramatically in the pharmaceutical industry, and natural products still hold out the best options for finding new agents/active templates. This offers us the potential to discover novel structures that can lead to effective agents that can be used in the treatment of various human diseases. (Newman and Cragg 2020). Resveratrol (3,5,4-trihydroxystilbene) which is a phytoalexin in the stilbene group, is present in glycosylated form as well as cis- and trans-isomers. It is used to produce a resistance mechanism against abiotic/biotic stress factors (etc. microbial infection, temperature fluctuations, injury, UV radiation, exposure to ozone effect and especially against animal and pathogen attacks) (Corre et al. 2005; Hasan and Bae 2017). A small number of plant species such as grapes, peanuts, mulberries, blueberries, pine trees, and tomatoes produce resveratrol. However, grape contains more resveratrol than all other natural sources and resveratrol are the highest in the seed, skin, leaf, and support tissue organs of coloured grapes (Corre et al. 2005). In grapes, the skin contains 5–7 ppm, the seed contains
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