Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Phalerin from Phaleria macrocarpa : Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural
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RESEARCH ARTICLE-CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Ultrasonic‑Assisted Extraction of Phalerin from Phaleria macrocarpa: Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Network Modelling Faiqah Ramli1 · Mariani Abdul Hamid1 · Roswanira Abdul Wahab2,3 · Intan Safinar Ismail4 · Thiruventhan Karunakaran5 Received: 20 February 2019 / Accepted: 14 May 2020 © King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals 2020
Abstract Phaleria macrocarpa is historically treasured remedy for treating various allergies, infections and health complications. Commercial availability of this plant extract, however, remains limited as conventional phytochemical extraction techniques require prolong extraction time, high consumption of solvents, in conjunction to being energy intensive. Herein, this study aimed to statistically optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of phalerin from P. macrocarpa using the Box–Behnken design (BBD) and the predictive capability of this approach was compared to a model derived from artificial neural network (ANN). In the optimization experiment, for only three relevant UAE parameters viz. solvent ratio, extraction temperature and solid-to-solvent ratio were examined, for the response of the highest extraction of phalerin. Under an optimized condition (R2 = 0.98) [71% methanol, 1:45 solid-to-solvent ratio (g/mL) and extraction temperature of 47 °C], a satisfactory amount of 4.26 ± 0.51 mg/g of phalerin was attained. Comparison between the RSM and ANN revealed the latter being a better predictive model and yielded an appreciably higher predictive capability (R2 = 0.99) in terms of average absolute deviation, AAD (0.24%) versus RSM (AAD = 1.03%). Keywords Phaleria macrocarpa · BBD · RSM · ANN · Ultrasonic-assisted extraction · Phalerin
1 Introduction Phaleria macrocarpa or locally known as Mahkota dewa has a long-standing history as a traditional remedy to treat allergy problems, acne, bacterial, fungal and viral infections * Mariani Abdul Hamid [email protected] 1
Department of Bioprocess & Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical & Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia
3
Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia
4
Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
5
Centre For Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
as well as diabetes mellitus [1, 2]. The plant was reported to possess a plethora of secondary metabolites showing interesting biological properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammation, anti-diabetic and anticancer [3]. It is important to note that phalerin is reportedly the most abundant natural ingredient in P. macrocarpa, believed to be responsible for pharmacological activities of the plant. The compound has been known to mildly inhibit xa
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