Overexpression of the mango MiCO gene delayed flowering time in transgenic Arabidopsis
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Overexpression of the mango MiCO gene delayed flowering time in transgenic Arabidopsis Yuan Liu1 · Cong Luo1 · Xiu‑Juan Zhang1 · Xin‑Xi Lu1 · Hai‑Xia Yu1 · Xiao‑Jie Xie1 · Zhi‑Yi Fan1 · Xiao Mo1 · Xin‑Hua He1 Received: 15 May 2020 / Accepted: 21 July 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract CONSTANS (CO)/CONSTANS-like (COL) genes play an important role in the photoperiodic flowering pathway. However, the functional roles of the CO/COL genes in mango (Mangifera indica L.) remain unknown. In this study, the MiCO gene was isolated from mango and functionally characterized. The open reading frame is 966 bp in length and encodes 322 amino acids; the protein contains two conserved B-box zinc finger domains and a CCT domain and thus belongs to the CO/COL group I protein family. The MiCO protein fused to green fluorescent protein localized to the nucleus. MiCO was expressed in all tested organs and was highly expressed especially in the leaves and stems of nonflowering branches, but its expression decreased in flowering branches. The expression level of MiCO significantly increased during the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. MiCO was also expressed in accordance with the circadian rhythm, with the greatest expression level detected at 09:00. Overexpression of MiCO in Arabidopsis significantly delayed flowering under both long-day and short-day conditions. Key message In this study, a MiCO gene from mango was characterized. Overexpression of MiCO delayed flowering in transgenic Arabidopsis. The MiCO gene may play an important role in the flowering process of mango. Keywords Mango CONSTANS · Flowering gene · Expression · Functional analysis
Introduction Flowering is an important process in plants and involves the transition from the vegetative phase to the reproductive phase. Plants form a complex regulatory network in response to internal and external signals. This network involves a series of sequential processes, such as floral induction, flower formation, flower initiation and the formation of different floral organs. Many species have evolved multiple Communicated by Degao Liu. Yuan Liu, Cong Luo, and Xiu-Juan Zhang contributed equally to this work. * Xin‑Hua He [email protected] 1
College of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‑Bioresources, Guangxi University, Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
response pathways to regulate flowering time properly, such as gibberellin, photoperiod, vernalization, autonomy, and age-related pathways (Liu et al. 2015; He 2012). Moreover, the temperature pathway was recently discovered (Balasubramanian et al. 2006; Srikanth and Schmid 2011); in Arabidopsis, this pathway involves the ability to flower earlier at high temperatures than at low temperatures. These regulatory pathways are independent but related to each other, forming a complex and precise flowering control network. In Arabidopsis, the CO gene plays a critical role in flowering time by directly activating the expression of target genes, i
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