Phylogenetic characterization of Setaria equina and its association with other filarids
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GENETICS, EVOLUTION, AND PHYLOGENY - SHORT COMMUNICATION
Phylogenetic characterization of Setaria equina and its association with other filarids Anjali Devi 1 & Vikrant Sudan 1
&
Daya Shanker 1
Received: 22 April 2020 / Accepted: 4 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Molecular characterization studies on Setaria equina are limited. The present study aimed to characterize S. equina at the cytochrome c oxidase gene and to examine its phylogenetic relationships with other filarid species. Sequence analysis showed 100% nucleotide homology with an S. equina sequence from Italy (AJ544873). However, both sequences exhibited 7 nucleotide substitutions from a S. equina donkey isolate from Egypt (MK541847). Overall, S. equina formed a monophyletic sister group to Setaria tundra. All Setaria spp. examined formed a separate group on the phylogenetic tree that was related to corresponding Onchocerca spp. and Dirofilaria spp. clades. Human filarid worms—Brugia spp. and Wuchereria spp. grouped in a separate clade alongside Theilezia spp. Dipetalonema spp.—formed a separate group at the top of the tree. Keywords Cox 1 . Molecular characterization . Setaria equina
Introduction Equine filariasis, caused by Setaria equina, is global in distribution. Equines act as definitive hosts for this filaroid nematode (Coleman et al. 1985). The infection spreads through the bite of culicine mosquitoes (Anderson 2000). Adult parasites of Setaria spp. are found in the peritoneal cavity of their respective definitive hosts, while the ensheathed microfilarids are seen in the blood circulation. The infection is usually benign, although reports of pathologies in eyes and central nervous system due to microfilarids are well documented in literature (Tamilmahan et al. 2013; Shin et al. 2002). S. equina is one of the most understudied helminth parasite affecting equines. Most of the studies of filariasis in equines revolve around S. digitata, whose aberrant migration in horse’s eye is a major clinical problem throughout the world (Shin et al. 2002; Maharana et al. 2020). When it comes to molecular characterization and phylogenetic studies on equine
Section Editor: Ramaswamy Kalyanasundaram * Vikrant Sudan [email protected] 1
Department of Veterinary Parasitology, U. P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura 281001, India
filariasis, again almost all the studies revolve around S. digitata only. Baring a single report (Abbas et al. 2016), authors did not find much literature about molecular characterization of S. equina. So, the present study was undertaken to characterize S. equina on mitochondrial cytochrome gene and to examine its phylogenetic relationships with other filarid species.
Materials and methods Topography of studied area, blood collection and DNA extraction The studied area consisted of Mathura (Uttar Pradesh) and border areas of Rajasthan, India. The area is located at 27.49° N latitude and 77.67° E longitude
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