Phyto-mediated semiconducting n-type electrode nanomaterial: structural, compositional, and supercapacitor investigation
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Phyto-mediated semiconducting n-type electrode nanomaterial: structural, compositional, and supercapacitor investigations Irum Shaheen 1 & Khuram Shahzad Ahmad 1 & Mohammad Azad Malik 2 & Malik Dilshad Khan 3 & Zakir Hussian 4 & Khalid Alamgir 5 Received: 16 May 2020 / Revised: 14 October 2020 / Accepted: 27 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Sustainable fabrication of efficient electrode is highly demandable in the present time particularly for supercapacitors. In the present work, we have functionalized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using foliar constituents for the first time. Leaves aqueous extract of Euphorbia cognata Boiss was used as organic fuel to synthesize ZnO-NPs. The leaves extract was reacted with zinc acetate (Zn(O2CCH3)2 (H2O)2) hydro complex to obtain phyto-organic functional groups, and subsequent formation of ZnO-NPs was accomplished by thermal treatment. The X rays diffractions and energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy identified pure ZnO phase while field emission scanning electron microscopy showed spherical ZnO-NPs with particle size range of 40–65 nm. The phyto synthesized ZnO-NPs revealed direct band gap value of 3 eV via Tauc plot. The biosynthesized ZnO-NPs were, for the first time, integrated into thin film electrode by physical vapor deposition (PVD) and were subjected to cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and linear scan voltammetry (LSV). The fabricated ZnO thin film (ZnOTFs) electrode exhibited the capacitance of 336.12 Fg−1 at 10 mVs−1 by CV. However, pseudocapacitive behavior was well demonstrated by LSV and CV at different scan rates. The EIS analysis illustrated very minor semi-circle arc with lower Rct and Warburg impedance by Nyquist plot indicating good electrochemical conductivity of ZnO-TFs. Overall, the results of the current study revealed that phyto-synthesized ZnO has a considerable potential for supercapacitor. Keywords Organic compounds . Zinc oxide . Physical vapor deposition . Nanorod thin films . Supercapacitor
Introduction A range of methods have been developed for synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) of metal and metal oxides for electrochemical applications such as supercapacitor [1–3]. The various structural, morphological, and the physicochemical * Khuram Shahzad Ahmad [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
2
School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
3
Department of Chemistry, University of Zululand, Private bag X1001, Kwa-Dlangezwa 3880, South Africa
4
School of Chemical & Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
5
National Institute of Vacuum Science and Technology (NINVAST), Islamabad, Pakistan
properties of NPs are exclusively result of synthetic route adopted. Such features of NPs are significant for diverse range of applications, such as,
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