Plant Epigenetics Methods and Protocols
This volume provides a variety of protocols to analyze various epigenetic changes, including differential expression of non-coding RNAs, changes in DNA methylation, and histone modifications in plants. Chapters detail protocols with different degrees
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Igor Kovalchuk Editor
Plant Epigenetics Methods and Protocols Second Edition
METHODS
IN
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life and Medical Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651
Plant Epigenetics Methods and Protocols Second Edition
Edited by
Igor Kovalchuk Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
Editor Igor Kovalchuk Department of Biological Sciences University of Lethbridge Lethbridge, AB, Canada
ISSN 1064-3745 ISSN 1940-6029 (electronic) Methods in Molecular Biology ISBN 978-1-4899-7706-9 ISBN 978-1-4899-7708-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-7708-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016952622 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Humana Press imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Science+Business Media LLC New York
Preface For many decades, scientists tried to uncover the mechanisms of inheritance and mechanisms of evolution. Work of Mendel who described laws of trait segregation, Morgan who demonstrated that genes reside on chromosomes, Beadle and Tatum who showed association of mutations with appearance of new traits and Horowitz who further synthesized this idea into “one gene-one enzyme hypothesis,” Franklin whose work hinted to helical structure of DNA, Watson and Crick who proposed double-helical structure of DNA and semiconservative nature of replication, and many others made a significant contribution to the development of genetics and molecular biology as sciences. Advancements in sequencing technologies allowed sequencing simple and more complex genomes, revealing many interesting features. Peculiar characteristics in genome composition such as significant redundancy consisting of many repetitive elements and noncoding sequences, active transcriptional units with
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