Plant Epigenetics Methods and Protocols
The past fifteen years have witnessed major advances in epigenetics, one of the most popular and quickly evolving fields of modern science. In Plant Epigenetics: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers explore the most recent developments, examining in
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Molecular Biology™
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/7651
Plant Epigenetics Methods and Protocols
Edited by
Igor Kovalchuk Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
Franz J. Zemp Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
Editors Igor Kovalchuk, MD, Ph.D. Department of Biological Sciences University of Lethbridge Lethbridge, Alberta Canada [email protected]
Franz J. Zemp Department of Biological Sciences University of Lethbridge Lethbridge, Alberta Canada [email protected]
ISSN 1064-3745 e-ISSN 1940-6029 ISBN 978-1-60761-645-0 e-ISBN 978-1-60761-646-7 DOI 10.1007/978-1-60761-646-7 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2010922364 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is a part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface The discovery of DNA as the genetic material brought great hope to scientists all over the world. It was believed that many of the lingering questions in genetics and the mechanisms of heredity would finally be answered. However, as often is the case in science, more questions arose out of this discovery. What defines a gene? What are the mechanisms of gene regulation? Further discovery and technological innovations brought about sequencing techniques that allowed the study of complete genomes from many organisms, including Arabidopsis and humans. Despite all the excitement surrounding these technologies, many features of the genome remained unclear. Peculiar characteristics in genome composition such as significant redundancy consisting of many repetitive elements and noncoding sequences, active transcriptional units with no protein product,
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