Preconcentration and Simultaneous Analysis of Benzimidazole Anthelmintics in Milk Samples by Ultrasound-Assisted Surfact
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Preconcentration and Simultaneous Analysis of Benzimidazole Anthelmintics in Milk Samples by Ultrasound-Assisted Surfactant-Enhanced Emulsification Microextraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Yanawath Santaladchaiyakit & Supalax Srijaranai
Received: 11 November 2012 / Accepted: 17 January 2013 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
Abstract The proposed ultrasound-assisted surfactantenhanced emulsification microextraction (UASEME) coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection (HPLC-PDA) has been developed for the preconcentration and simultaneous analysis of five benzimidazole anthelmintics. Dichloromethane (extraction solvent) and Triton X-114 (emulsifier) was used for extraction of the target analytes. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, linearity was in the range from 10 to 150 μgL−1 with good coefficients of determination (R 2 ) higher than 0.994. Preconcentration factors were obtained up to 60, corresponding to limits of detection range of 1.8−3.6 μgL−1. Intra-day (n=5) and inter-day (n=4×3) precisions were obtained with relative standard deviation of retention time and peak area below 0.8 and 9.2 %, respectively. Good recoveries for the spiked target anthelmintics at different concentrations (e.g., 20, 50, and 100 μgL−1) of milk samples were obtained in 72.5–113.5 %. The results demonstrated that the proposed UASEME-HPLCPDA can be used as an alternative powerful method for the Y. Santaladchaiyakit (*) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Khon Kaen Campus, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand e-mail: [email protected] Y. Santaladchaiyakit e-mail: [email protected] S. Srijaranai Materials Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
simultaneous determination of the target analytes in milk samples. Keywords Ultrasound-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification microextraction . Benzimidazole anthelmintic . High-performance liquid chromatography . Milk
Introduction Benzimidazole anthelmintics are drugs commonly used for prevention and treatment of parasitic infections in agriculture, aquaculture, and veterinary practices (Danaher et al. 2007; Xia et al. 2010). They include thiabendazole (TBZ), oxfendazole (OFZ), mebendazole (MBZ), albendazole (ABZ), fenbendazole (FBZ), etc. TBZ is the first benzimidazole introduced to the market, and it has been widely used for control of gastrointestinal nematodes and lungworms (Danaher et al. 2007). In addition, it has also been used as a fungicide for control of a wide range of fungi in field crops, stored fruit, and vegetables (Danaher et al. 2007). ABZ, FBZ, and OFZ are the first such benzimidazoles to be successfully used in the treatment of all stages of parasitic nematodes, lungworms, and adult liver flukes (Danaher et al. 2007; Msagati and Nindi 2001). Incor
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