Preparation, Characterization and Electrochemical Property of ZnCl 2 -doped Carbon Nanometer Material as the Anode of Li
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Preparation, Characterization and Electrochemical Property of ZnCl2-doped Carbon Nanometer Material as the Anode of Lithium-ion Battery D.F. Zhou1,2 , Y.L. Zhao1, Y.G. Chen1, X.Y. Zhang1, R.S. Wang1 1 Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China 2 School of Biological Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China ABSTRACT Phenolic resin-based nanoscopic carbonaceous materials have been prepared by doping different proportions of ZnCl2 into phenolic resin (PR) precursor at various heat-treatment temperatures and characterized by means of Brunner-Emmett-Teller method (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy analyses. The results show that as the ratio of PR to ZnCl2 is 1:3, the average size of grains and apertures are about from 40 to 60 nm and 3.86 nm, respectively, reaching nanometer level. When this material is used as electrode material of lithium ion battery, the reversible capacity the battery could be kept at 370 mA•h•g-1 after 10 charge/discharge cycles. INTRODUCTION Carbonaceous materials used in lithium ion battery have been attracted much scientific attention since it possesses high capacity, reliable security and excellent cyclic performance. These carbonaceous materials, including petroleum coke [1], carbon fiber [2], mesocarbon microbead (MCMB) and organic pyrolyzed polymers [3], could be divided into two types. One is graphitic material [4]. The other is polymeric material synthesized by pyrolyzing organic precursors at different temperatures [5-6], which exhibits higher Li-intercalated capacity than the theoretical value of graphite. The reasons why such carbonaceous materials present high capacity of lithium insertion are usually elucidated as following: lithium ions are (1) intercalated into nanopores and nanocavities [5]; (2) bonded with H atoms near by [7]; (3) linked with marginal sp3-C atoms of the graphite [8]. Among these three factors, only (1) could really improve the capacity of the battery. The others would ultimately result in the irreversible capacity loss of the battery although the first charge/discharge capacities are large. Therefore, great efforts should be taken to explore the new technology for forming nanopores and/or nanochannels in the pyrolytic carbonaceous materials. At present, the general method of synthesizing pore-containing carbonaceous material is the addition of pore-genic agents, such as H3PO4, KOH, NH4VO3, to the precursors, leading to many pores and holes [9~10]. However, it has rarely appeared that microporous carbonaceous materials are used as the anode material of lithium ion battery. In this paper, the prepared pyrolytic materials not only have large specific surface area, but also possess small depth and short shift for lithium deintercalation, so as to increase lithium deintercalation capacity.
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EXPERIMENTAL Soluble PR was synthesized by phenol and formaldehyde under basic condition [11]. Her
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