Process design and techno-economic analysis of gas and aqueous phase maleic anhydride production from biomass-derived fu
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Process design and techno-economic analysis of gas and aqueous phase maleic anhydride production from biomass-derived furfural Ion Agirre 1
&
Inaki Gandarias 1 & Manuel López Granados 2 & Pedro Luis Arias 1
Received: 5 April 2019 / Revised: 7 June 2019 / Accepted: 12 June 2019 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Maleic anhydride is used worldwide for a wide range of applications: from the manufacture of resins to lubricant additives or agricultural chemicals. The current production processes use benzene or butane as raw materials. This work shows the conceptual design of two novel processes using furfural as raw material: (i) aqueous phase oxidation with H2O2 and (ii) gas phase oxidation with O2. The aqueous process uses a cheaper furfural feedstock, but the purification train is complicated due to the vast amount of water and the presence of byproducts. Results from the economic assessment show that the aqueous process is far from being viable with up-to-day technology due to the high H2O2 cost and the low catalyst activity. In the gas phase process, the high reaction temperatures (i.e., 573 K) make necessary energy integration. The achieved minimum selling price of the maleic anhydride is around 1900 $/t, which is in the same range as its current commercial price. Sensitivity analyses showed that the maleic anhydride yield is the key parameter affecting the final cost. Technology developments in catalysis that improve the maleic anhydride yield to values above 80%, together with lower furfural prices will lead to significant cost reductions. Keywords Maleic anhydride . Techno-economics . Furfural . Modeling . Bio-refinery . Process development
1 Introduction Maleic anhydride (MAN) is a petrochemical product with numerous applications in nowadays chemical industry (resins, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, etc.) and an annual consumption of more than 1600 Kt [1–3]. Two principal feedstocks are currently used for its industrial production: benzene and n-butane. Benzene oxidation was the main route in the last 50 years but n-butane oxidation is currently becoming the main MAN production way, especially in the USA [4]. Regardless of the raw material used, the MAN production
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-019-00462-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ion Agirre [email protected] 1
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Torres Quevedo 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
2
Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (CSIC), C/Marie Curie, 2, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
plants are very similar conceptually: a gas-phase oxidation unit, followed by a separation and purification train, and an energy recovery system, which makes the whole process economically viable. A number of processes have been technically demonstrated to turn this petrochemical into a rene
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