A comparison of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes, and bacterial community in broiler and layer manure following
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
A comparison of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes, and bacterial community in broiler and layer manure following composting Tianlei Qiu 1,2 & Dan Wu 1,3 & Lixin Zhang 2 & Dexun Zou 3 & Yanmei Sun 1 & Min Gao 1 & Xuming Wang 1 Received: 17 July 2020 / Accepted: 28 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Animal manure is an important source of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment. However, the difference of antibiotic residues and ARG profiles in layer and broiler manure as well as their compost remains unexplored. In this study, we investigated the profiles of twelve antibiotics, seventeen ARGs, and class 1 integrase gene (intI1) in layer and broiler manure, and the corresponding compost at large-scale. Compared with layer manure, broiler manure exhibited approximately six times more residual tetracyclines, especially chlortetracycline. The relative abundances of qnrS and ermA genes in broiler manure were significantly higher than those in layer manure. The concentration of tetracyclines not only had a significantly positive correlation with tetracycline resistance genes (tetA and tetC) but was also positively correlated with quinolone resistance (qepA, qnrB, and qnrS) and macrolide resistance (ermA and ermT). Most ARGs in manure were reduced after composting. However, the relative abundance of sulfonamide resistance gene sul1 increased up to 2.41% after composting, which was significantly higher than that of broiler (0.41%) and layer (0.62%) manure. The associated bacterial community was characterized by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The relative abundances of thermophilic bacteria had significant positive correlations with the abundance of sul1 in compost. The composting has a significant impact on the ARG-associated gut microbes in poultry manure. Variation partitioning analysis indicated that the change of bacterial community compositions and antibiotics contributed partially to the shift in ARG profiles. The results indicate that at industry-scale production broiler manure had more antibiotics and ARGs than layer manure did, and composting decreased most ARG abundances in poultry manure except for sulfonamide resistance genes. Keywords Layer manure . Broiler manure . Antibiotics . Antibiotic resistance genes . Human pathogen bacteria
Introduction Antibiotics are widely used in intensive livestock industries for growth promotion and preventing or treating animal diseases. More than 52% of the total antibiotics (about 162,000 t Responsible Editor: Diane Purchase * Xuming Wang [email protected] 1
Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Banjing, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, People’s Republic of China
2
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
3
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beiji
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