A review of anatomy, pathology, and disease spread in the perisplenic region
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REVIEW
A review of anatomy, pathology, and disease spread in the perisplenic region Ashley Etchison1 · Christine O. Menias2 · Dhakshina M. Ganeshan3 · Nikita Consul1 · Ayman Nada4 · Akram M. Shaaban5 · Ayman H. Gaballah4 · Sanaz Javadi3 · Khaled M. Elsayes3,6 Received: 11 June 2020 / Revised: 18 August 2020 / Accepted: 30 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The perisplenic region is a complex anatomical area involving multiple peritoneal and subperitoneal structures, which influence the presentation and behavior of various pathologic processes. This review is a comprehensive resource for perisplenic anatomy and pathology with associated clinical presentations and imaging findings. Understanding the pathophysiologic intricacies of the perisplenic region assists the radiologist in building a helpful differential diagnosis and recognizing predictable disease patterns. Keywords Anatomy · Radiology–pathology correlation · Perisplenic region · Peritoneal disease
Introduction
Relevant anatomy
This review of perisplenic anatomy and pathology provides the radiologist a roadmap for navigating this intricately complex and oft-overlooked anatomical region. Knowledge of the peritoneal spaces, recesses, and ligaments is helpful in recognizing various perisplenic pathologies and routes of disease spread. Both primary and secondary perisplenic disease processes demonstrate distinct, and often predictable, characteristics related to neighboring peritoneal structures.
This section highlights key anatomical components in the perisplenic region, including the spleen, peritoneal spaces, and subperitoneal ligaments. An understanding of these structural relationships provides a foundation for locating various perisplenic pathologies.
* Khaled M. Elsayes [email protected]
Sanaz Javadi [email protected]
Ashley Etchison [email protected]
1
Christine O. Menias [email protected]
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
2
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
3
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
4
Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
5
Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
6
Department of Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Dhakshina M. Ganeshan [email protected] Nikita Consul [email protected] Ayman Nada [email protected] Akram M. Shaaban [email protected] Ayman H. Gaballah [email protected]
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The spleen The spleen is a predominantly subperitoneal organ located in the left hypochondrium. Its anatomic borders include the phrenicocolic ligament inferiorly, the diaphragm superiorly and posterolaterally, the stomach medially and anterolaterally, and the left kidney posteromedially [1]. A layer of visceral per
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