A Tin Film CMK-3 Modified Carbon Paste Electrode as an Environmentally Friendly Sensor to Detect Trace Cadmium
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A Tin Film CMK-3 Modified Carbon Paste Electrode as an Environmentally Friendly Sensor to Detect Trace Cadmium Dong Lia, Hong Qun Luoa, *, and Nian Bing Lia, ** a
Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 PR China *e-mail: [email protected] **e-mail: [email protected] Received February 24, 2018; revised May 6, 2018; accepted March 7, 2020
Abstract—We reported a tin film CMK-3 modified carbon paste electrode (Sn–CMK-3/CPE), a brand new electrode combining the ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) and tin film to detect trace cadmium. As one of the OMCs, CMK-3 has the distinct advantage of conducting electrons quickly and good adsorptivity because the pores in it are regularly ordered and controllable with the pore diameters of about 3.8–4.0 nm. Compared to the carbon paste electrode modified by CMK-3 and carbon paste electrode modified by the tin film, the Sn–CMK-3/CPE has higher sensitivity and stability in the process of detecting Cd(II). Under the optimum conditions (mass of CMK-3—4.0 mg; pH 4.70, Sn(II) concentration—6.5 mg/L, deposition potential—1.2 V, deposition time – 300 s), the Sn–CMK-3/CPE indicated a wide linear concentration range of 6– 100 μg/L with the detection limit of 0.8 μg/L for Cd(II). This novel sensor was applied to the detection of Cd(II) in river samples with good recoveries. Keywords: carbon paste electrode, detection of cadmium, tin film, ordered mesoporous carbons DOI: 10.1134/S1061934820090099
Carbon materials, especially ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs), have distinct advantages of conducting electrons quickly and good adsorptivity, since the pores in them are regularly ordered and controllable, and the specific surface area is very high [1], which can be used to modify electrodes in electroanalysis work as well as to make electrochemical sensors or biosensors [2], such as electrochemical dehydrogenase- and oxidase-based biosensors [3], and as adsorbents to detect heavy metals [4, 5], inorganic and organic compounds [6–8]. Also, OMCs can be used in electrocatalysis field [9]. CMK-3 is one of the OMCs and can be obtained by the synthesis process using surfactant-templated large-pore hexagonal Santa Barbara Amorphous-15 (SBA-15) followed by removing the surfactant, adding carbon source, incinerating, and removing the secondary silica template [2]. Generally, CMK-3 modified electrochemical sensors are constructed using CMK-3 powders to form a thin film [2]. CMK-3 was used to prepare electrodes, such as glassy carbon electrode [2–12], Li-ion batteries [13– 21], Li–O2 batteries [22], lithium-sulfur battery [23– 25], alkaline secondary battery [26], membrane electrode assemblies [27], gold electrode [28], Na-ion batteries [29], nano-carbon ionic liquid paste electrode [30], and carbon paste electrode (CPE) [31].
As we all know, one of the heavy metal ions, cadmium, is extremely toxic and can irritate the respiratory system [32]. When people are exposed
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