Achieving single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal by composite membrane aerated biofilm with gel under two microbial e
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Achieving single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal by composite membrane aerated biofilm with gel under two microbial entrapping patterns: experimental and modeling aspects Ming Zeng 1 & Junfeng Yang 1 & Zimeng Wu 1 & Weiyi Wang 1 & Luoyun Xu 1 & Nan Wu 2 & Chang Wang 1 Received: 18 December 2019 / Accepted: 8 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal offers advantages of low energy and carbon consumptions. Based on previous work about a novel composite membrane aerated biofilm (CMAB), two microbial entrapping patterns (mixed and stratified patterns) were evaluated for their applicability to artificially regulate the spatial distribution of distinct microbial aggregates for single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal. Experimental results showed that the stratified pattern caused little accumulation of NO2− and NO3−, which leads to a superior nitrogen removal performance compared with the mixed pattern. Candidatus Kuenenia was found to be the major anammox bacterium in the gel film of the mixed pattern and the outer film of the stratified pattern. In contrast, Nitrosomonas, as a representative genus of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, was substantially enriched in the inner film of the stratified pattern and the gel film of the mixed pattern. Finally, modeling results further confirmed the advantages of the stratified pattern with respect to the formation of rational microbial and nutrient profiles in gel films. The ratio of partial nitrification and anammox film thicknesses should remain below 3:2 to obtain a high fraction of anammox bacteria and to avoid NO2− accumulation. Increasing O2 surface loading does not affect microbial profiles, but can greatly promote the TN removal performance only in the stratified pattern. Overall, the stratified pattern should be employed to achieve optimal microbial profiles and nitrogen removal efficiency. Keywords Partial nitrification . Anammox . Hydrogel . Microbial entrapment . Membrane aerated biofilm
Introduction Today, integrated partial nitrification and anammox (PN/A) in a single reactor, known as single-stage autotrophic nitrogen, has attracted great attention because of its low energy demand and sludge production, exogenous carbon use, and low carbon footprint (Jetten et al. 1997, Daigger 2014). PN/A mainly depends on
Responsible Editor: Angeles Blanco Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09660-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Nan Wu [email protected] 1
College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
2
College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
the collaboration of two microbial groups (Lackner et al. 2014), specifically, aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), which partially transform influent ammonium (NH4+) to nitrite (NO2−). The second groups a
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