Alginate-chitosan/MWCNTs nanocomposite: a novel approach for sustained release of Ibuprofen
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Alginate‑chitosan/MWCNTs nanocomposite: a novel approach for sustained release of Ibuprofen Bibi Azeem1 · Sadiq‑ur‑Rehman1 · Akhtar Tasleem2 · Akhtar Kalsoom1 · Farooq Muhammad3 · Shahzad Muhammad Imran4 Received: 23 June 2020 / Accepted: 3 November 2020 © The Polymer Society, Taipei 2020
Abstract The use of alginate as excipient in dosage formulation is a common trend due to mild gelling ability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and mucoadhesive properties. However, these formulations possess major disadvantages, such as rapid hydration, burst release, and difficulty in controlling the process. Hence, this study presents a novel water-insoluble alginate-chitosan/MWCNTs formulation having greater porosity (Surface area 7.854 m2/g) with mechanical (Youngs Modulus 249.17 N/mm) and thermal stability (stable up to 570 ℃). Ibuprofen was selected as a model drug to evaluate the entrapment efficiency and sustained delivery from synthesized excipients. The structure of successfully prepared nanocomposite is characterized by FTIR, SEM, TEM, TGA/DSC, XRD, BET, and tensile testing. It was observed that ibuprofen was successfully encapsulated (88%) in CD90 formulation. COOH-MWCNTs nanofillers improved the releasing capacity of alginate-based formulation (CD90) and prolonged the sustained delivery (68%, obtained in 6 h). It is explored that polymer nanocomposite composed of alginate-chitosan/MWCNTs are sensitive to temperature and pH. The kinetic processes followed by ibuprofen to diffuse from the synthesized formulations are first-order, non-Fickian, and intraparticle diffusion in which the rate of ibuprofen diffusion is greater than the polymer relaxation. Keywords Alginate-chitosan · Sustained delivery · Excipients · Ibuprofen · Nanocomposite
Introduction Immediate drug release is a common phenomenon that takes place from conventional drug-releasing formulations and depends upon administration dose, rate, and extent of adsorption and potential properties of excipients [1]. This release may lead to reach the level lower than the minimum effective concentration (MEC) or exceed the minimum toxic concentration (MTC), result in significant fluctuations in the plasmatic levels. The use of conventional drugs also results * Sadiq‑ur‑Rehman [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
2
Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
3
NCE in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
4
Nano Sciences and Technology Department, National Center for Physics, Islamabad, Pakistan
in undesirable side effects and lack of therapeutic benefits intended for the patient. Therefore, the interest in formulated dosage forms, where drug delivery can be controlled has increased continuously during the last 50 years. In most of the cases, the formation of a product that maintains a therapeutic effect at lesser dosing frequency is the main purpose. These formulations may help to
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