Anaerobic soil disinfestation using diluted ethanol increases phosphorus availability in arable Andosols
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Anaerobic soil disinfestation using diluted ethanol increases phosphorus availability in arable Andosols Kazuki Fujita 1 & Takashi Kunito 1
&
Shigeto Otsuka 2,3 & Kazunari Nagaoka 4
Received: 17 February 2020 / Revised: 21 April 2020 / Accepted: 28 April 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Very few studies to date have focused on phosphorus (P) dynamics and microbial P acquisition during anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD), an alternative to chemical soil fumigation for soil diseases. We evaluated the effects of ASD using diluted ethanol as well as the effects of drying treatments following ASD on available P concentrations, phosphomonoesterase activity, microbial biomass P, and microbial community compositions, including those harboring the alkaline phosphomonoesterase gene (phoD), in two arable Andosols. An increase in the Bray-2P concentration and a decrease in the ratio of phosphomonoesterase/β-Dglucosidase activities were observed during ASD in both soils, indicating an increase in P availability during ASD. A significant negative correlation between the diversity of profile of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis for phoD-harboring community and alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity was found, suggesting that a less diverse bacterial group might produce alkaline phosphomonoesterase in soils with higher activity. ASD followed by drying and rewetting significantly increased the Bray-2P concentration and microbial biomass P in one Andosol. These results support the potential of ASD to increase P availability in addition to suppressing soil-borne diseases in arable Andosols. Keywords Anaerobic soil disinfestation . Drying and rewetting . Phosphomonoesterases . phoD . Resource allocation
Introduction Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD), also referred to as biological soil disinfestation or reductive soil disinfestation, was developed independently in Japan and the Netherlands (Momma et al. 2013). ASD involves the incorporation of Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-020-01472-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Takashi Kunito [email protected] 1
Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
2
Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
3
Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
4
Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 1 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8555, Japan
labile carbon (C) and induction of anaerobic conditions in a plastic film-covered moist soil, which is caused by oxygen consumption by microorganisms and prevention of diffusive oxygen replenishment from the soil surface (Momma et al. 2013; Rosskopf et al. 2015). Metal ions (e.g., Fe2+
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