Analysis of the succession of structure of the bacteria community in soil from long-term continuous cotton cropping in X
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Analysis of the succession of structure of the bacteria community in soil from long-term continuous cotton cropping in Xinjiang using high-throughput sequencing Zhang Wei1 · Du Yu1 Received: 2 January 2017 / Revised: 20 October 2017 / Accepted: 4 January 2018 / Published online: 19 January 2018 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract The present study aimed to identify the structural succession of the bacteria community in soil during long-term continuous cotton cropping and its relationship with continuous cropping obstacles in Xinjiang, China. High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze and compare the composition of the bacterial community in the soil at the cotton root zone after years of continuous cotton cropping and crop rotation over 30 years of cultivation. Cotton cultivation increased the structural diversity of the bacterial community, among which the populations of Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Nitrospirae, and Chloroflexi changed considerably. A 0-year sample and samples after continuous short- and long-term cropping, along with some with crop rotation, were gathered into three individual clusters. The findings of the rotation sample were similar to those of the sample of continuous long-term cropping. Cropping is the main cause of changes in the structure of the bacteria community; however, the new structure formed under continued duress of both long-term cotton cultivation and the associated farming methods gradually stabilizes after 10 years of repeated fluctuations. Crop rotation can lead to the rapid recovery of some species of soil bacteria. Keywords Bacterial community structure · Continuous cotton cropping · Bacterial diversity · High-throughput sequencing
Introduction Continuous cropping faces problems worldwide (Vargas et al. 2009). Because of the requirements of modern agriculture, such as intensive cultivation and monoculture in large areas, continuous cropping severely restricts the sustainable development of modern agricultural facilities (He et al. 2010). Studies have shown that the imbalance in the structure of the microbial community of the soil caused by long-term continuous monoculture is one of the major obstacles to continuous cropping (Meriles et al. 2008; Garbeva et al. 2004). Research has shown that most of known research results about soil microbial structure were obtained by culturable microbial species and quantity change or by Communicated by Shuang-Jiang Liu. * Zhang Wei [email protected] 1
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, Xinjiang Normal University, Xinyi Road, Urumqi 830054, China
other simple molecular ecology methods, such as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) (Huang et al. 2010; Zhang et al. 2011a, b). It is well known that farmlands have some of the most complex microbial ecosystems. Because cultivable microorganisms occupy only a very small proportion of all microorganisms in the natural environment and because molecular ecology methods, such a
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