Anti-viral activity of Zingiber officinale (Ginger) ingredients against the Chikungunya virus
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Anti-viral activity of Zingiber officinale (Ginger) ingredients against the Chikungunya virus Sulochana Kaushik2 Samander Kaushik1
· Ginni Jangra1 · Vaibhav Kundu3 · Jaya Parkash Yadav2 ·
Received: 25 December 2019 / Accepted: 20 April 2020 © Indian Virological Society 2020
Abstract Chikungunya is one of the highly infectious viral disease without vaccine and anti-viral. Aim of present study is to check the anti-chikungunya activities of Zingiber officinale (Ginger) in the animal cell culture model. The medicinal plant extract was prepared from Z. officinale rhizome. Median tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Maximum non-toxic dose (MNTD) of Z. officinale extract was determined in Vero cell-line on the basis of cell viability followed by MTT assay. In vitro anti-chikungunya activity was performed in Vero cell-line with MNTD and half of MNTD of Z. officinale medicinal plant extract. The anti-viral effect of Z. officinale was studied by observing the cytopathic effects and cell viability measured by MTT assay. Maximum non-toxic dose of Z. officinale plant extract was found 62.5 μg/ml. During anti-chikungunya experimentation, cell viability increased to 51.05% and 35.10%, when Vero cells were pre-treated with MNTD and half of MNTD of Z. officinale extract respectively. Similarly, in co-treatment, when MNTD, half of MNTD of Z. officinale and Median tissue culture infective dose CHIKV were inoculated simultaneously, then the viability of Vero cell-line was increases by 52.90% and 49.02% respectively. The rhizome extracts of Z. officinale have high potential to treat CHIKV. Medicinal plants and their metabolites are most & Samander Kaushik [email protected] 1
Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Hr, India
2
Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Hr, India
3
Department of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida, U. P, India
important sources of antimicrobial and can be utilized for the development of new drugs. In view of the rapid expansion of CHIKV at the global level, there is an urgent need to develop newer anti-chikungunya drugs. Keywords Zingiber officinale (ginger) · Chikungunya virus · Animal cell culture · Medicinal plants · Cytotoxicity
Introduction Chikungunya is a vector born arthritogenic febrile illness caused by an alphavirus of the Togaviridae family. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was the first time isolated from a dengue-like epidemic in Tanzania [1]. CHIKV is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, which are also responsible for spreading Dengue and Zika viruses [2]. Apart from the usual clinical manifestations of mosquito-borne infection, CHIKV infected individuals endure extreme joint pain due to over secretion of cytokines that may last for months to years. The rapid expansion of CHIKV on a global scale was facilitated by an ecologically plastic mosquito Aedes albopictus [3, 4]. Comparatively, A. albopictus is more diverse and ecologically stable than A. aegypti, therefore it is found in domi
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