Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using ginger ( Zingiber officinale ) extract and their antibacterial properti
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Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract and their antibacterial properties against aquatic pathogens YANG Nan1, LI Fuyan1, JIAN Tiancai1, LIU Chongchong2, SUN Hushan1, WANG Lei1*, XU Hui2 1 School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China 2 School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
Received 22 February 2017; accepted 6 April 2017 ©The Chinese Society of Oceanography and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017
Abstract
With the development of aquaculture, there is an urgent demand for an alternative antibacterial agent to reduce the drug resistance and environmental pollution caused by the abuse of antibiotics. Recently, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been viewed as a novel type of antimicrobial agents due to their unique advantages. In this study, AgNPs were biosynthesized with the ginger rhizomes extract. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterised by UV–visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activities of the AgNPs were fully analyzed against six typical aquatic pathogens. The results indicated that the components in ginger extract could function as the chemical reductant to synthesize AgNPs. Moreover, compared with the AgNPs synthesized by chemical methods, the biosynthesized AgNPs were smaller, and had higher stability and antibacterial activity. Therefore, the biosynthesized AgNPs using ginger extract may have prospective applications in aquaculture. Key words: ginger, silver nanoparticles, biosynthesis, antibacterial activity, aquatic pathogen Citation: Yang Nan, Li Fuyan, Jian Tiancai, Liu Chongchong, Sun Hushan, Wang Lei, Xu Hui. 2017. Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract and their antibacterial properties against aquatic pathogens. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 36(12): 95–100, doi: 10.1007/s13131-017-1099-7
1 Introduction With the development of aquaculture, aquatic animal diseases caused by pathogens have become one of the biggest risk factors in the aquaculture industry (Francis et al., 2001). Among these pathogens, a substantial proportion accounted for the conditions of pathogenic bacteria. Fish farmers have been forced to use antibiotics to inhibit the infections. However, abuse of antibiotics could not only pollute environment, but could also lead to serious drug resistance of pathogens on a very large scale (Schmidt et al., 2000). Thus, there is an urgent demand for an alternative antibacterial agent to effectively control the aquatic pathogenic bacteria. As effective antibacterial agents, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted much attention in the past decade (Martinez-Gutierrez et al., 2010; Pavagadhi et al., 2014). AgNPs can be synthesized by a variety of methods, among which chemical reduction are the most commonly used (Darroudi et al., 2011). However, during the process, toxic chemicals are unavoidable as reducing agent and stab
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