Antibiotics removal from aquatic environments: adsorption of enrofloxacin, trimethoprim, sulfadiazine, and amoxicillin o
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Antibiotics removal from aquatic environments: adsorption of enrofloxacin, trimethoprim, sulfadiazine, and amoxicillin on vegetal powdered activated carbon Javier Berges 1
&
Samuel Moles 1 & María P. Ormad 1 & Rosa Mosteo 1 & Jairo Gómez 2
Received: 20 April 2020 / Accepted: 21 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study addresses the growing concern about the high levels of antibiotics in water, outlining an alternative for their removal. The adsorption of four representative antibiotics from commonly used families (fluoroquinolones, β-lactams, trimethoprim, and sulfonamides) was performed over vegetal powdered activated carbon. The evolution of the adsorption was studied during 60 min for different initial antibiotic concentrations, not only individually but also simultaneously to determine competitive adsorption. Moreover, this research studied the adsorption isotherms and kinetics of the process, as well as the pH influence; FTIR of the activated carbon before and after adsorption was carried out. Trimethoprim and sulfadiazine showed more affinity for the adsorbent than amoxicillin and enrofloxacin. This trend might be attributed to their structure, capable of stablishing stronger π-π interactions with the adsorbent, which showed high affinity for the active sites of the adsorbent via FTIR. In addition, the sorption isotherms of trimethoprim followed a Langmuir type isotherm, amoxicillin followed a Freundlich type isotherm, and enrofloxacin and sulfadiazine followed both. The antibiotics followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Sulfadiazine and amoxicillin gave better performances in acidic conditions. By contrast, the sorption of trimethoprim was favored in basic environments. Variations of pH had a negligible effect on the removal of enrofloxacin. Keywords Antibiotics removal . Powdered activated carbon (PAC) . Drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) . Sulfonamides . Fluoroquinolones . Trimethoprim . β-Lactams
Introduction In recent decades, there has been a considerable increase in the use of antibiotics to fight a variety of diseases, leading to a rise of 65% of global consumption between 2000 and 2015 (Klein et al. 2018). As 90% of antimicrobials taken are subsequently excreted (Bartlett et al. 2013; European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Antimicrobial Consumption 2018; Responsible Editor: Tito Roberto Cadaval Jr Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10972-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Javier Berges [email protected] 1
Research Group Agua y Salud Ambiental, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
2
Navarra de Infraestructuras Locales SA, Pamplona, Spain
EMA 2019), there is growing concern about the impact of this extensive use of antibiotics on surface waters. Concentrations of various pharmaceutical products on a worldwide scale of up to 450 μg/L in natural waters and up to 14,000 μg/L in wa
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