Assessment of bacterial diversity and their antibiotic resistance profiles in wastewater treatment plants and their rece
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RESEARCH ARTICLES
Assessment of bacterial diversity and their antibiotic resistance profiles in wastewater treatment plants and their receiving Ganges River in Prayagraj (Allahabad), India Soad Shaban Mohamed Adbarzi1 · Pooja Tripathi2 · Rajiv Kant1,2 · Vijay Tripathi1 Received: 9 December 2019 / Revised: 11 July 2020 / Accepted: 11 August 2020 © Society for Plant Research 2020
Abstract The wastewater treatment plant is the silent reservoir of the broad spectrum of microbial populations, including pathogenic ones, which have the potential to cause contamination and pose risks to public and environmental health. In this work, we estimated the actual bacterial load present in the pre and post-treated wastewater samples from WWTPs of Prayagraj region of India. Furthermore, we also studied the distribution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) from WWTPs to Ganges river samples. Data indicated that the majority of the isolates were identified as Bacillus spp. (42.4%) followed by Gammaproteobacteria (27%) which included members of the genera Aeromonas, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and Enterobacter. Most bacterial isolates regardless of the site of sampling resulted resistance to cefotaxime and ampicillin (50% and 41.6%) respectively. This study concluded that the municipal wastewater offers an atmosphere conducive to bacteria with antibiotic resistance that can harbor resistant bacteria and their resistant genes to receiving water sections with potential public health danger. Keywords Bacterial diversity · Municipal wastewater · Ganges River · Antibiotics-resistant bacteria · 16S rRNA sequencing
Introduction Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are the hotspot for the different kinds of pollutants, toxic substances, pathogenic and clinical bacteria which arrive from wastewater through different sources (Ma et al. 2013; Nimonkar et al. 2019; Lood et al. 2017). The WWTPs mainly focus to reduce the harmful effect of untreated wastewater to the environment and human health. Antibiotics are most widely and significantly used in the 21st century for public health concern (Kummerer 2004) but the excessive use of the antibiotics in various sectors related to the human, veterinary, agriculture * Vijay Tripathi [email protected] 1
Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, UP 211007, India
Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, UP 211007, India
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and industry are responsible for the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs). The emergence of ARB and ARGs are currently considered as a serious environmental problem (Nathan and Cars 2014; Rossolini et al. 2014; Roca et al. 2015; Singer et al. 2016; Aslam et al. 2018). The rapid urbanization, industrialization is instrumental for the d
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