Bacterial and fungal community compositions and structures of a skatole-degrading culture enriched from pig slurry
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Bacterial and fungal community compositions and structures of a skatole‑degrading culture enriched from pig slurry Hui Qu1 · Nan Meng1 · Shengwei Liu1 · Jingwei Wang1 · Yeqing Sun1 · Qiao Ma1 Received: 19 May 2020 / Accepted: 3 October 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract In this study, the aerobic activated sludge for skatole removal was enriched from pig slurry in three parallel sequencing batch reactors. The sludge system exhibited a satisfactory performance for skatole removal during the 40 days operation. High-throughput sequencing results showed that the α-diversity remained unchanged before and after the operation process. However, the structures of bacterial and fungal communities notably shifted. Particularly, Arthrobacter increased to be the major bacterial genus from 2.15 ± 0.76% (day 0) to 23.80 ± 24.36% (day 40), and Fusicolla became the major fungal genus from 1.20 ± 0.48% (day 0) to 37.17 ± 7.47% (day 40). These results indicated that Arthrobacter and Fusicolla might participate in skatole removal in sludge systems, though both genera were not reported to be able to degrade skatole. This is the first study describing skatole-degrading bacterial and fungal communities in the enrichment from pig slurry to the best of our knowledge, providing important guidance for skatole control and bioremediation. Keywords Skatole · Biodegradation · Pig slurry · Bacterial community · Fungal community Skatole (3-Methylindole), a well-known foul-smelling odorant, is formed by microbial fermentation of tryptophan in the intestine of humans and animals (Mackie et al. 1998). In addition to natural formation, skatole is also generated by the pyrolysis of tryptophan in tobacco combustion (Weems and Yost 2010). Skatole shows selective pulmonary toxicity Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-020-02465-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Qiao Ma [email protected] Hui Qu [email protected] Nan Meng [email protected] Shengwei Liu [email protected] Jingwei Wang [email protected] Yeqing Sun [email protected] 1
Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
to Clara and epithelial cells in humans and ruminants, which can cause acute bovine pulmonary edema and emphysema (Carlson et al. 1972). Skatole can accrete in adipose tissue of pigs despite liver clearance and excretion, being one of the main contributors for boar taint (Mackie et al. 1998). Furthermore, skatole is an oviposition attractant for mosquitoes which may promote diseases transmission (Hughes et al. 2010). Studies have shown that anaerobic bacteria, such as Clostridium and Lactobacillus, were responsible for skatole production (Liu et al. 2018). Preventing skatole formation in animal guts by altering the microbial community structures and activities is attracting attention, but still impracticable at pr
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