Bilirubin clearance and antioxidant activities of ethanol extract of Phyllanthus amarus root in phenylhydrazine-induced
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Bilirubin clearance and antioxidant activities of ethanol extract of Phyllanthus amarus root in phenylhydrazine-induced neonatal jaundice in mice Soumya Maity & Nivedita Nag & Suchandra Chatterjee & Soumyakanti Adhikari & Santasree Mazumder
Received: 18 October 2012 / Accepted: 2 January 2013 / Published online: 16 January 2013 # University of Navarra 2013
Abstract The ability of ethanol extract of Phyllanthus amarus root (EEPA) to decrease bilirubin level and oxidative stress in phenylhydrazine-induced neonatal jaundice in mice was investigated. Administration of phenylhydrazine (75 mg/kg b.w.) significantly elevated total and unconjugated serum bilirubin level compared to control mice. EEPA (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg b.w., oral) dose-dependently reduced the bilirubin level. EEPA treatment also upregulated hepatic CAR and CYP3A1, accounting for its ability to facilitate bilirubin clearance. A single dose of EEPA (20 mg/kg b.w.) induced higher level of bilirubin clearance than phototherapy, widely used for treating neonatal jaundice. Furthermore, phenylhydrazine administration significantly increased MDA, protein carbonyl, and total
S. Maity : N. Nag : S. Mazumder (*) Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India e-mail: [email protected] S. Chatterjee Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India S. Adhikari Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
thiol content and lowered the GSH level along with superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in erythrocyte compared to the control group. Single administration of EEPA (20 mg/kg b.w.) significantly reversed the trend. Presence of gallic acid, gentisic acid, and ortho-coumaric acid in EEPA was identified by HPLC analysis. Amongst these, the major phenolic constituent, gallic acid, exhibited significant bilirubinlowering effect. These results suggested that P. amarus may be beneficial in reducing bilirubin level as well as oxidative stress in neonatal jaundice. Keywords Neonatal jaundice . Oxidative stress . Phyllanthus amarus . Bilirubin-lowering effect . CAR . CYP3A1 Abbreviations EEPA 70 % ethanol extract of root of Phyllanthus amarus STB Serum total bilirubin SCB Serum conjugated bilirubin SUB Serum unconjugated bilirubin CAR Constitutive androstane receptor CYP Cytochrome P450
Introduction Neonatal jaundice is common during the first 7 days of postnatal life and affects almost two thirds of human
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newborns. It has many potential risk factors including hemolytic condition and neurological disorder [8]. In neonates, higher turnover and shorter life spans of erythrocyte increase bilirubin production rate. Bilirubin, when markedly elevated during hyperbilirubinemia, deposits on the central nervous system leading to kernicterus [13]. The hydrophobic bilirubin is metabolized into its water-soluble conjugate form by hepatic conjugation with glucuronic acid and easily excreted from the body [17]. Bilirubin is sustained
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