Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of Organic Chemicals in Terrestrial Invertebrates
Terrestrial invertebrates are key components in ecosystems, with crucial roles in soil structure, functioning, and ecosystem services. The present chapter covers how terrestrial invertebrates are impacted by organic chemicals, focusing on up-to-date infor
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Contents 1 2 3 4
Exposure Routes and Organismal Traits Bioaccumulation and Toxicity Models Organic Chemicals and Interactions with Biota 4.1 Plant Protection Products 4.2 Pharmaceuticals: Veterinary and Human 4.3 Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds 4.4 Polychlorinated Biphenyls 4.5 Flame Retardants 4.6 Personal Care Products 4.7 Mixtures 5 Bioaccumulation in Edible Terrestrial Invertebrates: Link to Human Exposure 6 Final Remarks References
Abstract Terrestrial invertebrates are key components in ecosystems, with crucial roles in soil structure, functioning, and ecosystem services. The present chapter covers how terrestrial invertebrates are impacted by organic chemicals, focusing on up-to-date information regarding bioavailability, exposure routes and general concepts on bioaccumulation, toxicity, and existing models. Terrestrial invertebrates are exposed to organic chemicals through different routes, which are dependent on
M. N. González-Alcaraz, C. Malheiro, D. N. Cardoso, M. Prodana, R. G. Morgado, and S. Loureiro (*) Department of Biology and CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal e-mail: [email protected] C. A. M. van Gestel Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Jose Julio Ortega-Calvo and John Robert Parsons (eds.), Bioavailability of Organic Chemicals in Soil and Sediment, Hdb Env Chem, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_511, © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
M. N. González-Alcaraz et al.
both the organismal traits and nature of exposure, including chemical properties and media characteristics. Bioaccumulation and toxicity data for several groups of organic chemicals are presented and discussed, attempting to cover plant protection products (herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, and molluscicides), veterinary and human pharmaceuticals, polycyclic aromatic compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls, flame retardants, and personal care products. Chemical mixtures are also discussed bearing in mind that chemicals appear simultaneously in the environment. The biomagnification of organic chemicals is considered in light of the consumption of terrestrial invertebrates as novel feed and food sources. This chapter highlights how science has contributed with data from the last 5 years, providing evidence on bioavailability, bioaccumulation, and toxicity derived from exposure to organic chemicals, including insights into the main challenges and shortcomings to extrapolate results to real exposure scenarios. Keywords Beneficial arthropods, Bioavailability, Biological traits, Conceptual models, Earthworms, Edible insects, Exposure routes, Pollinators
Terrestrial invertebrates are key components in ecosystems, which play crucial roles in soil structure, functions, and services [1]. Soil structure is characterized by high spatial and composition heterogeneity and is a major driver of soil biodiversity. Invertebrate functions in soils (e.g., carbon transformations, nutrient cycling, structure maintenance, biological popu
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