Blood biochemistry profile of Qihe crucian carp Carassius auratus in different aquaponic systems
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Blood biochemistry profile of Qihe crucian carp Carassius auratus in different aquaponic systems Yang Gao 1 & Guorong Zhu 1
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Yuan Tian 1 & Kang Li 1 & Yanjing Zhao 1 & Junping Liang 1 & Qianhong Gu 1 & Xuejun Li 1
Received: 20 March 2020 / Accepted: 20 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Blood biochemical profile can be used to evaluate the health status of fish and ambient environmental conditions. However, it is not well known in the aquaponic systems, let alone their differences between hydroponic and aquatic plants. A 5-month trial was conducted to investigate the changes in the growth performance and blood index of Qihe crucian carp Carassius auratus in eight aquaponic systems (control, Ipomoea aquatica, Lactuca sativa, Lemna minor, Amaranthus tricolor, Ceratophyllum demersum, Vallisneria spiralis, and C. demersum-net, indicated by CK, Ia, Ls, Lm, At, Cd, Vn, and Cd-ns). Results showed that weight gain rate and specific growth rate did not significantly differ among the eight groups. However, most blood parameters significantly differed among the eight groups. The glucose level and activities of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase were generally larger in Cd, Lm, Vn, and CK groups, and smaller in Ia, Ls, or At groups. Additionally, the triglyceride, cholesterol, albumin, and albumin/globulin were mostly elevated in Ia and At groups. Moreover, the creatinine, total proteins, and globulin levels peaked in Vn group. These findings showed that the blood biochemical profile was more sensitive than the growth performances and that hydroponic plants can induce a higher production and more healthy status of Qihe crucian carp C. auratus when compared with aquatic plants or no plants. Keywords Blood biochemistry profile . Aquaponic systems . Hydroponic plants . Aquatic plants . Carassius auratus
Introduction Aquaculture is important sources of food, nutrition, income, and livelihoods for hundreds of millions of people around the world (FAO 2018). Its large-scale application is strongly restricted by land, water utilization, and environmental concerns (Islam 2005; Cao et al. 2007) as well as an increase of disease outbreaks which frequently come from the stress factors resulting from intensive aquaculture practices (BondadReantaso et al. 2005; Awad and Awaad 2017). Aquaponics Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues * Guorong Zhu [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resource Conservation and Development of Xinxiang, and Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe East Road, Muye District, Xinxiang 453007, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
is a vital solution that integrates conventional aquaculture with hydroponics plants in a symbiotic arrangement and addresses resource and environmental issues (e.g., Mcmurtry
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