Cancer Biomarkers in Body Fluids Principles
The molecular and genetic signatures of cancer are represented in the peripheral circulation and other body fluids, giving rise to the “liquid biopsy” concept. This new paradigm of molecular profiling of cancer cells offers several advantages over traditi
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Cancer Biomarkers in Body Fluids Principles
Cancer Biomarkers in Body Fluids
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Gabriel D. Dakubo
Cancer Biomarkers in Body Fluids Principles
Gabriel D. Dakubo Medical Sciences Division Northern Ontario School of Medicine West Campus, Lakehead University Thunder Bay, Ontario Canada
ISBN 978-3-319-01579-8 ISBN 978-3-319-01580-4 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-01580-4
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016950197 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland
To Luciana and Patricia In memory of Cuthbert and Augustine
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Preface
Cancer is a complex, multifaceted, dynamic, and progressive disease that continues to plague the world. With improved quality of life and increasing life expectancy, and yet our inability to completely curtail the intricate oncogenic networks, the incidence and prevalence of cancer is likely to continue to increase. Obviously, this trend will reflect adversely on health economics and quality of life. Even more worrisome is the fact that the burden of cancer currently rests heavily on resourcepoor regions of the world. Primary prevention is the ideal approach to cancer control. However, the challenges with successful implementation of cancer prevention programs are obvious, and not all cancers are easily amenable to such control measures. Therefore, the utility of biomarkers offers a positive dimension in this effort. These objectively measurable entities that are reflective of normal and pathologic states offer solutions to early detection and prevention of cancer. Additionally, the presence of affordable efficacious pharmaceutical agents should help with early effective disease control and improved quality of life. Thus, the ability to develop valid, safe, and effective biomarkers is comm
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