Catechin isolated from cashew nut shell exhibits antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of MRSA through ROS-me
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BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING
Catechin isolated from cashew nut shell exhibits antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of MRSA through ROS-mediated oxidative stress Simran Sinsinwar 1 & Vellingiri Vadivel 1 Received: 7 May 2020 / Revised: 9 July 2020 / Accepted: 23 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Staphylococcus aureus causes severe infections and among all methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) remains a great challenge in spite of decade research of antibacterial compounds. Even though some synthetic antibiotics have been developed, they are not effective against MRSA, and hence, there is a search for natural, alternative and plant-based antibacterial compound. In this connection, catechin isolated from cashew nut shell was investigated for its antibacterial potential against MRSA. Catechin exhibited zone of inhibition (ZOI) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in a range of 15.1–19.5 mm and 78.1– 156.2 μg/ml, respectively, against ATCC and clinical isolates of MRSA. Among all clinical isolates, clinical isolate-3 exhibited highest sensitivity to catechin. Catechin has arrested the growth of MRSA strains and also caused toxicity by membrane disruption which was illustrated by AO/EB fluorescence staining. Increased nucleic acid leakage (1.58–28.6-fold) and protein leakage (1.40–23.50-fold) was noticed in MRSA due to catechin treatment when compared to methicillin. Bacteria treated with catechin at its MIC showed 1.52-, 1.87- and 1.74-fold increase of ROS production in methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), MRSA and clinical isolate-3 strains, respectively, as compared to control. Superoxide dismutase (5.31–9.63 U/mg protein) and catalase (1573–3930 U/mg protein) were significantly decreased as compared to control in catechin-treated S. aureus. Thus, catechin exhibited antibacterial activity through oxidative stress by increased production of ROS and decreased antioxidant enzymes. Altogether results suggest that catechin is a promising lead compound with antibacterial potential against MRSA. Key points • Catechin was isolated and identified as active compound in cashew nut shell. • Catechin exhibited antimicrobial activity against clinical isolates of MRSA. • Bacterial cell wall damage was caused by catechin in MRSA strains. • Catechin increased the oxidative stress in MRSA by intracellular ROS production. Keywords Staphylococcus aureus . Methicillin resistance . Cashew nut shell . Catechin . Antibacterial activity . Mechanism
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-10853-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Vellingiri Vadivel [email protected] 1
Chemical Biology Lab (ASK-II-409), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major pathogens that cause health care–associated, device-related and communityacquired infec
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