Cd-tolerant SY-2 strain of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia : a potential PGPR, isolated from the Nanjing mining area in Chi
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Cd‑tolerant SY‑2 strain of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: a potential PGPR, isolated from the Nanjing mining area in China Fiza Liaquat1 · Muhammad Farooq Hussain Munis3 · Samiah Arif4 · Urooj Haroon3 · Che Shengquan2 · Liu Qunlu2 Received: 16 August 2020 / Accepted: 28 October 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract Microbial and plant assisted bioremediation is an emerging way for the remediation of soils polluted with heavy metals. To screen the cadmium tolerant bacteria, soil samples were collected from Nanjing mining area, China. The average cadmium content of the mine soil reached 45.71 mg/kg, which was indicating serious pollution and potential ecological risk. From the mine soil, six cadmium tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) were isolated. The isolated bacterial strain “SY-2” showed maximum cadmium tolerance and it was selected for further experimentation. This strain was identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (GenBank accession number MG597057). SY-2 was found to tolerate maximum cadmium at 1.0 mM concentration. This strain also exhibited good adsorption capacity (up to 35.7%) of heavy metal at 0.5 mM concentration. The results of this study exhibited organic phosphorus solubilization (37.08 mg/L) and IAA biosynthesis (15.11 mg/L) ability of isolated S. maltophilia. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed cell shrinkage and the cell wall of S. maltophilia was very rough. Moreover, the energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis endorsed the adsorption of Cd ions on the surface of biomass. FT-IR study described the presence of functional groups and the nature of chemical bonds, before and after cadmium stress. At 0.25 mM cadmium concentration, S. maltophilia treated seeds of Capsicum annuum L. developed 1.46 times longer roots than untreated seeds. The results of this study helped us to conclude that SY-2 strain of S. maltophilia possesses significant metal tolerance and bioremediation potential against cadmium. In the future, this strain can be used as a microbial remediation agent to detoxify heavy metals in contaminated soils. Keywords Stenotrophomonas maltophilia · Heavy metal · PGPR · Cadmium · SEM
Introduction
Electronic Supplementary Material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-020-02524-7s) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Liu Qunlu [email protected] 1
School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shangai 200240, China
2
Department of Architecture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shangai 200240, China
3
Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
4
Department of Plant Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shangai 200240, China
Mining activity is one of the major sources of heavy metals, released into the ecosystem. Soil, air, and water are the key environmental commodities, contaminated by heavy metals (Afzal et al.
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