Celery ( Apium graveolens L.), a new host of Pseudopyrenochaeta terrestris (former Pyrenochaeta lycopersici )
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Celery (Apium graveolens L.), a new host of Pseudopyrenochaeta terrestris (former Pyrenochaeta lycopersici) Loredana Sigillo 1
&
Maria Aragona 2 & Maria Teresa Valente 2 & Massimo Zaccardelli 1 & Alessandro Infantino 2
Received: 23 October 2019 / Accepted: 6 February 2020 # Società Italiana di Patologia Vegetale (S.I.Pa.V.) 2020
Keywords Celery . Pseudopyrenochaeta terrestris . Corky root rot . Soil borne pathogen . Pyrenochaeta lycopersici
In January 2019, celery (Apium graveolens L.) plants of cv. Utah, cultivated in an open field in Puglia (Italy), showed reduction of vigor and size, leaf yellowing and wilting with an incidence of about 50%. Necroses were present on the roots and near the collar and the vascular tissues were dark; in some plants, soft rot occurred. To identify the causal agent of the disease, symptomatic basal tissues were disinfected in 1% NaOCl, rinsed with sterile water and plated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA), supplemented with streptomycin and chloramphenicol (50 ppm, each). To exclude the presence of bacterial infections, isolation on nutrient agar were also attempted. After two weeks of incubation at 22 °C, colonies with a slow growing compact mycelium, initially creamy white and then dark grey, with brown reverse color, were observed. No pycnidia and conidia were present. These features resembled those of Pyrenochaeta spp. After PCR amplification of ITS region, using the primer pair ITS4 and ITS5 (White et al. 1990), one isolate, named ER 2186, produced a 600 bp band that was sequenced and deposited in GenBank (accession number MN088821). Following Blast analyses, MN088821 showed a 100% homology with accessions NR_160575.1, AY649594.1 and AY649593.1, corresponding to the formerly named Pyrenochaeta lycopersici Type 1 (Infantino and Pucci 2005), now renamed Pseudopyrenochaeta terrestris sp. nov. (Valenzuela-Lopez et al. 2018). To verify the pathogenicity, five plugs of ER 2186 were added to 200 g of autoclaved pearl millet grains and incubated at 23 °C. After three
* Loredana Sigillo [email protected] 1
Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Centro di ricerca orticoltura e florovivaismo, via Cavalleggeri, 25, Pontecagnano Faiano, 84098 Salerno, Italy
2
Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Centro di ricerca Difesa e Certificazione, Via C.G. Bertero, 22, 00156 Rome, Italy
weeks, the inoculated millet was added to a mixture of peat and sand (1:7:2 v/v/v) to obtain the final substrate in which five plants of celery cv. Utah, at five leaf stage, and five plants of tomato cv. Marmande, at third leaf stage, were transplanted. The plants were put in a phytotron at 23 °C with 12 h light/dark photoperiod. Five plants of each species were used as controls. Two months after the inoculation, symptoms of necrosis were observed on the collar and roots, resembling those observed in the field. To fulfill the Kock’s postulates, P. terrestris strain was re-isolated from both celery an
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