Characterization of a hepatitis C virus genotype 1 divergent isolate from an HIV-1 coinfected individual in Germany assi
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Characterization of a hepatitis C virus genotype 1 divergent isolate from an HIV-1 coinfected individual in Germany assigned to a new subtype 1o Bo Wang1†, Luise Krüger1†, Patrycja Machnowska2†, Amare Eshetu2†, Barbara Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer3, Viviane Bremer3, Andrea Hauser2, Norbert Bannert2,4† and C.-Thomas Bock1,5*† Abstract Background: HCV exhibits a high genetic diversity and is classified into 7 genotypes which are further divided into 86 confirmed subtypes. However, there are multiple isolates with unassigned subtypes. We aimed to amplify and characterize the full-length genome sequence of an HCV genotype 1 (HCV-1) divergent isolate (DE/17–0414) in Germany. Methods: The HCV infection was detected in an HIV-1-positive German female within an HCV/HIV-coinfection study using a commercially available antigen-antibody HCV ELISA kit and confirmed by an in-house quantitative real-time RTPCR assay. Preliminary genotyping was done by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis on partial NS5B region. The fulllength genome sequence was determined by consensus RT-PCR assays. Resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) were analyzed using the web-based tool Geno2pheno[HCV]. Results: Partial NS5B region of the isolate DE/17–0414 showed more than 95% identity to 73–08460349-1 l and HCV_Fr_ 003 from France and QC316 from Canada. Full-length genome analysis of the DE/17–0414 strain showed 91.8% identity to QC316 but less than 79.6% to other HCV-1 strains. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that DE/17–0414, 73– 08460349-1 l, HCV_Fr_003, and QC316 formed a separate subcluster within HCV-1. DE/17–0414 had a distinct 3 amino acids insertion at the N-terminal of hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) within viral envelope glycoprotein 2 (E2) and several potential antiviral RASs among the NS3 and NS5A genes. Conclusions: We identified and analyzed an HCV-1 divergent isolate derived from an HIV-1 coinfected individual in Germany, which will be assigned to a new HCV-subtype 1o. Our understanding of the origin and transmission dynamics of this new subtype 1o requires further assessments from patients worldwide. Keywords: Hepatitis C virus, HIV-1, HCV genotype 1 subtypes, Full-length genome, HVR1, RASs
* Correspondence: [email protected] Bo Wang, Luise Krüger, Patrycja Machnowska and Amare Eshetu are contributed equally to this article. Norbert Bannert and C.-Thomas Bock are contributed equally and thus shared last authorship. 1 Division of Viral Gastroenteritis, Hepatitis Pathogens and Enteroviruses, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany 5 Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2019 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit t
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