Chemical constituents and gastro-protective potential of Pachira glabra leaves against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in
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Inflammopharmacology
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Chemical constituents and gastro‑protective potential of Pachira glabra leaves against ethanol‑induced gastric ulcer in experimental rat model Mariam I. Gamal El‑Din1 · Fadia S. Youssef1 · Riham S. Said2 · Mohamed L. Ashour1 · Omayma A. Eldahshan1,3 · Abdel Nasser B. Singab1,3 Received: 4 June 2020 / Accepted: 25 August 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Gastric ulcer is a very common illness that adversely affects a significant number of people all over the globe. Phytochemical investigation of P. glabra leaf alcohol extract (PGLE) resulted in the isolation and Characterization of a new nature compound, quercetin-3- O-α -L-rhamnosyl-(1′’’-6′’)-(4′’- O -acetyl)-β -D-galactoside (4), in addition to seven known compounds. They are ferulic acid (1), p- coumaric acid (2), quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside-3′-O-β-D-glucoside (3), quercetin-3- O-α -L-rhamnosyl-(1′’’-6′’)-(4′’- O -acetyl)- β –Dgalactoside (4), quercetin-3- O—β -D-galactoside (5), 7-hydroxy maltol-3-Oβ-D-glucoside (6), maltol-3- O-β -D-glucoside (7), and methyl coumarate (8) that were first to be isolated from the genus Pachira. PGLE demonstrated in vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity. Moreover, the in vivo gastroprotective assessment of PGLE at different dosses, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg against ethanol induced ulceration revealed a dose-dependent gastroprotection comparable to omeprazole. PGLE attenuated gastric lesions and histopathological changes triggered by ethanol. Interestingly, PGLE exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect through down-regulating the expression of nuclear factor-ĸB and pro-inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 in the ulcer group. It also hindered apoptosis through decreasing Bax and increasing Bcl-2 expression hence decreasing Bax/Bcl2 ratio with a subsequent reduction in caspase 3 expression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-020-00749-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Omayma A. Eldahshan [email protected] * Abdel Nasser B. Singab [email protected] Mariam I. Gamal El‑Din [email protected] Fadia S. Youssef [email protected] Riham S. Said [email protected] Mohamed L. Ashour [email protected] 1
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, AinShams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
2
Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
3
Center for Drug Discovery Research and Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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M. I. G. El‑Din et al.
Collectively, P. glabra is a rich reservoir of various phytochemicals reflecting a promising potential for alleviation of gastric ulcer through the mediation of inflammatory and apoptotic cascades. Graphic abstract
Keywords Malvaceae · Pachira glabra · Phytoconstituents · Gastric ulcer · Inflammation · Apoptosis
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