Chemical-resistant ammonia sensor based on polyaniline/CuO nanoparticles supported on three-dimensional nitrogen-doped g
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Chemical-resistant ammonia sensor based on polyaniline/CuO nanoparticles supported on three-dimensional nitrogen-doped graphene-based framework nanocomposites Fatemeh Ahmadi Tabar 1 & Alireza Nikfarjam 2 & Negar Tavakoli 1 & Jaber Nasrollah Gavgani 1 & Mojtaba Mahyari 3 & Seyed Ghorban Hosseini 3 Received: 16 January 2020 / Accepted: 13 April 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A novel ammonia (NH3) chemical sensor is presented with ultra-high response, good selectivity, fast response, and long-term stability using detecting layer of polyaniline/cupric oxide nanoparticles supported on three-dimensional nitrogen-doped graphene-based frameworks (PANI/CuO@3D-NGF) nanocomposite. The NH3 gas sensing response of the PANI/CuO@3DNGF nanocomposite was studied by resistivity method in low concentration range of 50 ppb–100 ppm at room temperature. The PANI/CuO@3D-NGF nanocomposite was prepared through in situ polymerization of PANI on the CuO@3D-NGF with a high surface area. Morphological and structural analysis revealed that the ultrathin 3D interconnected graphene substrate maximizes the surface area. It is also shown that the CuO nanoparticles offer active adsorption sites for free NH3 molecule. The PANI/CuO@3D-NGF nanocomposite gas sensor shows the response of 930% to 100 ppm NH3 with an outstanding low detection limit of 50 ppb and an average response time of 30 s at room temperature. The excellent sensing performance of the PANI/CuO@3D-NGF nanocomposite was attributed to 3D interconnected porous structure, remarkable enhancement of charge carriers as a result of CuO@3D-NGF, and modified π-interactions between molecules. Keywords Polyaniline . Graphene . Gas sensor . Ammonia
Introduction Development of sensitive devices for detecting toxic chemicals has recently attracted considerable interest due to
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-04282-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Jaber Nasrollah Gavgani [email protected] * Mojtaba Mahyari [email protected] 1
Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran
2
Faculty of New Science & Technologies, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14399-57131, Tehran, Iran
3
Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, P.O. Box 16765-3454, Tehran, Iran
the growing concerns over human health and environmental preservation. Ammonia (NH3) is one of these toxic chemicals which are applicable in many industries [1, 2]. Accordingly, it is not far-fetched to assume that the development of highly sensitive and cost-effective sensing devices for NH3 monitoring is of outmost importance [3–7]. Timmer et al. [8] presented a comprehensive review on NH3 gas sensing technologies under development. NH3 gas sensing devices can be devised to those working based on solid-state materials [9], spectroscopic methods [10], and conductive macromolecule polymers [11]. In s
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