Complete mitogenome of Ganges river dolphin, Platanista gangetica gangetica and its phylogenetic relationship with other
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Complete mitogenome of Ganges river dolphin, Platanista gangetica gangetica and its phylogenetic relationship with other cetaceans Ajit Kumar1 · Prabhaker Yadav1 · Aftab Usmani1 · Syed Ainul Hussian1 · Sandeep Kumar Gupta1 Received: 10 September 2020 / Accepted: 28 November 2020 © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The Ganges river dolphin, Platanista gangetica gangetica is one of the endangered cetaceans. Due to increasing anthropogenic activities, it has faced a significant reduction in distribution range since the late 1800s and has even gone extinct from most of the early localities. The investigation of complete mitogenome holds significant relevance for identifying evolutionary relationships and monitoring the endangered species. Herein, we report and characterize for the first time the 16,319 bp complete mitochondrial genome of P. g. gangetica. It comprises 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and one control region (CR). The genome composition was A + T biased (59.6%) and exhibited a positive AT-skew (0.104) and negative GC-skew (− 0.384). All the genes were encoded on the heavy strand, except eight tRNAs and the ND6 gene. In the CR, an 18 bp tandem repeat sequence was observed. Our Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) based phylogenetic analysis indicated that studied river dolphins were polyphyletic and the placement of Platanista was to be more basal than other river dolphins (Lipotes, Inia and Pontoporia). The pairwise genetic distance of Platanista with other cetaceans was varied, with an overall close affinity with whales. The model-based BI and ML phylogenetic analysis indicated that Platanista clustering with Ziphiidae with high to moderate supportive values (PP/ BP = 98/68). The results of this study provide insights important for the conservation genetics and further evolutionary studies of the freshwater river dolphins. Keywords Gangetic dolphin · Conservation · Platanista · Ganga river · Molecular phylogeny
Introduction The South Asian river dolphins of the genus Platanista is a highly threatened mammal [1]. It is an iconic freshwater species and the only extant representative of the family Platanistidae. Currently, two subspecies of South Asian river dolphin are recognized: the Indus River dolphin (P. gangetica minor) confined to the Indus river system of India and Pakistan, and the Ganges River dolphin (P. g. gangetica) Ajit Kumar and Prabhaker Yadav have been equally contributed to this article. Supplementary Information The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-020-06048-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Sandeep Kumar Gupta [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248 001, India
inhabiting in Ganges, Brahmaputra, Meghna and Karnaphuli–Sangu of India, Bangladesh Nepal and Bhutan [1–3]. The Ganges is the lifeline an
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