Deep eutectic solvent containing 2-(3-hydroxy-1-methylbut-2-enylideneamino)pyridine-3-ol immobilized on magnetic graphen
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Deep eutectic solvent containing 2‑(3‑hydroxy‑1‑methylbut‑2‑enylideneamino)pyridine‑3‑ol immobilized on magnetic graphene oxide as a selective sorbent for dispersive micro‑solid phase extraction of cadmium ions Mehdi Karimi1 · Shayessteh Dadfarnia1 · Ali Mohammad Haji Shabani1 · Rasoul Vafazadeh1 Received: 20 January 2020 / Accepted: 1 November 2020 © Iranian Chemical Society 2020
Abstract A sorbent with high selectivity and capacity for cadmium ions was prepared through immobilization of deep eutectic solvent (DES) of ChCl- glycerol containing the ligand 2-(3-hydroxy-1-methylbut-2-enylideneamino)pyridine-3-ol ( acacapyrH2) on the magnetic graphene oxide. A dispersive micro-solid phase extraction was designed, and the separated/preconcentrated cadmium ion was determined by flow injection flame atomic absorption spectrometry. After the optimization of effective parameters, the method showed linearity in the concentration range of 0.25–15 µg L−1 with the coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.9991 and enhancement factor of 195 for cadmium. The method was very sensitive with the detection limit (defined as 3Sb/m) of 0.06 µg L−1. The method was successfully applied to the determination of Cd(II) in water (drinking and river), fruit (lemon, apricot, and peach) and meat (fish, chicken, and cow meat) samples. Keywords Cadmium · 2-(3-hydroxy-1-methylbut-2-enylideneamino)pyridine-3-ol · Dispersive micro-solid phase extraction · Deep eutectic solvent · magnetic graphene oxide
Introduction One of the global problems that threatened human health is the contamination of the environment by heavy metals. Cadmium is a heavy metal that is efficiently retained in the human body, accumulates throughout life and its massive application makes it one of the most dangerous metal contaminants of water and food. Cadmium is extremely toxic to the kidney; it can also cause bone demineralization through direct bone damage or indirect renal dysfunction. Excessive exposures to airborne Cd may impair lung function and increase the risk of lung cancer [1, 2]. The contamination of water and food by cadmium is originated from industrial and agricultural pollution [3]. Thus, the development of a simple method with the capability of determination of cadmium at trace level is a significant aspect for monitoring this heavy metal for the safety of water and food samples point of view. * Shayessteh Dadfarnia [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, 89195‑741 Yazd, Iran
Nowadays analytical chemists have been focusing on the development of methods that are more compatible with the environment. In this regard, it is attempted to miniaturize the conventional extraction methods with the aim of reduction of the use of the toxic organic solvent as well as the amount of sample. To achieve this goal, several extraction methods have been developed and used for the preconcentration of the trace amounts of metal ions from various complex matrices. Among them, the cloud point extraction [4], v
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