Kinetic study on the reaction of palmitic acid with ethanol catalyzed by deep eutectic solvent based on dodecyl trimethy
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pISSN: 0256-1115 eISSN: 1975-7220
INVITED REVIEW PAPER
INVITED REVIEW PAPER
Kinetic study on the reaction of palmitic acid with ethanol catalyzed by deep eutectic solvent based on dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride Shan Jiang, Zuoxiang Zeng†, Weilan Xue, Wei Zhang, and Zhiyuan Zhou Institute of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237 Shanghai, China (Received 5 December 2019 • Revised 22 March 2020 • Accepted 12 April 2020) AbstractThis study explored the direct esterification of palmitic acid and ethanol using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) as catalyst to produce biodiesel. Three novel deep eutectic solvents (DTAC-PTSA, DTAC-2PTSA, DTAC3PTSA) were successfully prepared by mixing dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DTAC) and p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (PTSA) in a molar ratio of 1: z (z=1, 2, 3). After testing, DTAC-3PTSA was found to have the best catalytic performance among the three types of DESs and was therefore selected as the catalyst for subsequent experiments. The effects of agitation speed, ethanol to palmitic acid molar ratio (), temperature and catalyst dosage were studied by investigating the change of palmitic acid conversion rate with time under different conditions, respectively. Then, the pseudo-homogeneous (PH) model was utilized to describe the kinetic behavior of this reaction between 328.15-348.15 K and it was found to work well for the experimental data obtained. Moreover, the catalytic performance of DTAC-3PTSA was detected to have no significant change in the cycle test. Therefore, DTAC-3PTSA can be considered as a substitute for traditional catalysts to produce biodiesel and the kinetic data obtained here can be used for further up-scaling study. Keywords: Deep Eutectic Solvent, Biodiesel, Ethyl Palmitate, Esterification, Kinetics
have been extensively studied as a promising solvent [19] or liquid catalyst [20] (especially in liquid reactions) in recent decades. Cao et al. achieved a high-efficiency esterification reaction of formic acid or acetic acid with alcohol using a deep eutectic solvent (choline chloride/chromium chloride hexahydrate) as catalyst [21]. Lee et al. synthesized methyl palmitate with DESs as solvent-catalyst and optimized the conditions of reaction [22]. Tran et al. developed a new and efficient method for the arylation of benzoxazole with aromatic aldehydes under the catalysis of deep eutectic solvents [23]. Gu et al. synthesized a new type of deep eutectic solvent as a homogeneous reaction catalyst to prepare biodiesel [24]. In the open literature, there are few experimental data on the dynamics of the esterification of ethanol and palmitic acid. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the dynamics of this reaction, and the kinetic data obtained would be beneficial for the process design and simulation. The esterification reaction equation of ethanol and palmitic acid can be seen in Scheme 1, where A, B, C, and D refer to palmitic acid, ethanol, ethyl palmitate and water, respectively. In this paper, three novel DESs b
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