Design and Characterization of Type I Cellulose-Polyaniline Composites from Various Cellulose Sources: A Comparative Stu
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Design and Characterization of Type I Cellulose‑Polyaniline Composites from Various Cellulose Sources: A Comparative Study O. Hajlaoui1 · R. Khiari2,3,4 · L. Ajili5 · N. Batis1 · L. Bergaoui1 Received: 27 March 2020 / Accepted: 16 May 2020 © The Tunisian Chemical Society and Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract This work investigate the influence of type I cellulose characteristics on the electric conductivity and heat stability of cellulose-polyaniline composites. Different cellulose sources were used, namely: wood, cotton and microcrystalline cellulose. They are all type I, for which all chains are in ordered parallel arrangement, but differ by their polymerization degrees, their crystallinity index and their ionizable functional groups amount. The composites have been synthesized by in-situ polymerization of aniline in the cellulose suspension. Several characterization techniques were applied such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The electric conductivity of each prepared composite was determined using Ossila’s Four Point Probe System. The results indicate that the polyaniline loading is strongly influenced by the crystallinity of the used cellulose, which influences the electric properties of the composite. Graphic Abstract
Keywords Type I cellulose · Cellulose crystallinity · Polyaniline · Composite
* L. Bergaoui [email protected]; [email protected]‑carthage.tn 1
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CENAD, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), Carthage University, Tunis, Tunisia University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LGP2, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Research Unity of Applied Chemistry & Environment‑UR13 ES 63, Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
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Department of Textile, Higher Institute of Technological Studies of Ksar Hellal, Ksar Hellal, Tunisia
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Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Mineral Materials and Their Applications, National Research Center in Materials Sciences, Technopole Borj Cedria, Soliman, Tunisia
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Chemistry Africa
1 Introduction In 2000, the Nobel Prize in chemistry for “the discovery and development of conductive polymers” testifies of the importance of this landmark discovery [1]. As a typical intrinsic conductive polymer, polyaniline is increasingly triggering interest among researchers because of its facile synthesis, relatively low cost and chemical and thermal stability [2]. Compared to other conducting polymers like polypyrrole and polythiophene, polyaniline has a unique doping-dedoping mechanism and redox chemical structure [3]. These characteristics have led to the application of polyaniline in various composite materials [4, 5] and more specifically in composites with cellulose due to their eco-friendly advantages [6]. Cellulosic fibres are
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