Effect of Volatile Compounds of the Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. and Lecanicillium mus
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t of Volatile Compounds of the Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. and Lecanicillium muscarium R. Zare et W. Gams on the Behavior of Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera, Dryophthoridae) and Evaluation of the Virulence of Different Strains of These Fungi G. V. Mitinaa,*, O. G. Selitskayaa, and A. V. Schenikovaa a All-Russian
Institute of Plant Protection, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, 188608 Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
Received January 27, 2020; revised February 20, 2020; accepted February 20, 2020
Abstract—Adult granary weevils feeding on grain responded selectively to the volatile compounds of different strains of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Lecanicillium muscarium. The mycelium of B. bassiana strains had a repellent effect or a neutral effect with a tendency toward repellency. The response to L. muscarium strains varied from weak repellent (G-033) and neutral (Vl 49) to attractive one (Vl 21). Beauveria bassiana strain Bb 17 showed the highest virulence after beetles were sprayed with conidial suspension containing 1.0 × 108 spores / ml: the mortality of the beetles on the 7th day reached 74% with extensive mycelial growth over the dead beetles, LT50 was 5.6 days for this strain and 23 days for strain Bb 13. The L. muscarium strains showed low virulence, with the exception of strain G-033 (LT50 15.3 days), and they also formed mycelium on the dead insects. The granary weevil response should be considered when assessing the potential of entomopathogenic fungi. Beauveria bassiana strain Bb 17 was selected as a promising pest control agent, since neutral reaction of the granary weevil to its mycelium facilitates the spreading of fungal infection. Keywords: behavior, Sitophilus granarius, Beauveria bassiana, Lecanicillium muscarium, volatile compounds, virulence DOI: 10.1134/S001387382004003X
The arthropods (insects and mites) damaging stored grain and grain products are of crucial economic significance. According to the data of various authors, these pests cause from 5 to 10% annual grain loss worldwide (Odinokov et al., 2005). The granary weevil Sitophilus granarius L. acts as a pest in granaries, bread-baking complexes, and breweries; grain is damaged both by the weevils that feed during the entire adult life span and by the larvae, which completely destroy the endosperm. The cryptic biology of the granary weevil hinders diagnostics of the infested grain. In addition, this pest transmits microbial pathogens that cause self-heating and rotting of stored grain. In view of chemical pesticide
resistance of the granary weevil, new and safer contact and fumigation insecticides are currently being developed both in Russia and abroad. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are considered promising microbial agents for storage pest control. These are ecologically safe organisms that infect insects upon contact and have a wide range of hosts. Under natural conditions they may cause epizootic outbreaks among cereal pests. For instance, a wheat grain beetle epizootic caused by the fung
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