Effects of Copper Supplementation on Blood Lipid Level: a Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis on Randomized Clinical T
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Effects of Copper Supplementation on Blood Lipid Level: a Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis on Randomized Clinical Trials Shaokang Wang 1
&
Niannian Wang 1 & Da Pan 1 & Hong Zhang 1 & Guiju Sun 1
Received: 20 July 2020 / Accepted: 1 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Studies have evaluated the effect of copper (Cu) supplementation on blood lipid level. We therefore investigated whether the supplement of Cu on blood lipid level will have an impact in a meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Literature search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library (from database to January 2020). Randomized controlled trials of Cu supplementation on blood lipid level were retrieved according to the requirements of systematic review, and the quality of the included research was evaluated. Then the meta-analysis was performed. Data from 5 trials representing 176 participants were examined. Pooled mean net change in total cholesterol (TC) (standard mean difference(SMD) [95% CI] = − 0.05 [− 0.52, 0.43]), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (SMD [95% CI] = 0.22 [− 0.46, 0.89]), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (SMD [95% CI] = 0.18 [− 0.14, 0.49]) for those treated with Cu supplementation had no significant difference when compared with control. Cu supplementation has not affected blood lipids in the result of metaanalysis. More research is needed to determine if this pattern will apply broadly. Keywords Copper . Blood lipid level . RCTs . Meta-analysis
Introduction Dyslipidemia, the abnormal metabolism of lipoproteins in the body, is mainly manifested by increased total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and/or decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Many countries have made risk assessment of dyslipidemia and recommendations for dyslipidemia prevention and treatment [1–4]. Dyslipidemia is related to the pathogenesis of many diseases. Electronegative LDL and its associated antibodies play a contributing role in atherosclerosis [5]. Some studies also have found that dyslipidemia caused by an unhealthy lifestyle is also a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes [6, 7]. Copper (Cu) is a metal which has an important influence on human life, and it is the active ingredient of more than 30 * Shaokang Wang [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
types of enzymes in the human body, such as superoxide dismutase and ascorbate oxidase [8]. The effect of Cu deficiency on the activity of these enzymes may lead to oxidative damage to DNA, proteins and lipids, or may promote the formation of hydroxyl radicals which is closely related to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis [9]. Cu nutrition has been studied with ma
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