Enzymatic Production of Xylooligosaccharides from Alkali-Solubilized Arabinoxylan from Sugarcane Straw and Coffee Husk
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Enzymatic Production of Xylooligosaccharides from Alkali-Solubilized Arabinoxylan from Sugarcane Straw and Coffee Husk Patrícia F. Ávila 1 & Manoela Martins 1 & Rosana Goldbeck 1 Received: 30 June 2020 / Accepted: 25 August 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass has opened new perspectives for the production of biofuels and functional food ingredients, such as prebiotic xylooligosaccharides (XOS). This study aimed to improve the arabinoxylan extraction process from sugarcane straw (SS) and coffee husk (CH) to produce short-chain XOS by enzymatic hydrolysis using ideal enzyme mixture formulations. The improvement of arabinoxylan extraction process provided the highest extraction yield of about 40.35% and arabinoxylan extraction efficiency around 82.32% with insignificant lignin content values. In a second step, a central composite rotatable design was used to develop an enzyme mixture for XOS production from SS and CH arabinoxylan. Three commercial enzymes were tested, endoxylanase (GH11), α-L-arabinofuranosidase (GH51), and feruloyl esterase (CE1). An efficient enzyme mixture was developed, affording high XOS concentrations from SS arabinoxylan around 10.23 g L−1 and CH arabinoxylan 8.45 g L−1. Keywords Lignocellulosic biomass . Holocellulose . Enzymes . Optimization
Introduction Sugarcane straw (SW) and coffee husk (CH) are some of the most widely distributed and abundant agricultural wastes in Brazil [1]. The lignocellulosic nature of plant wastes allows them to be fractionated into cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin and then used as renewable sources for the production of value-added products [2]. The xylan-rich hemicellulose fraction of plant wastes is a potential starting material for the production of xylose-based compounds [3]. Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) are sugar oligomers produced by the hydrolysis of xylan, a homopolysaccharide backbone of xylose units [4]. XOS can be used as sweeteners, stabilizers, emulsifiers, and functional ingredients in a variety of food products [5]. One of the most important applications of XOS is in functional foods owing to their prebiotic effects. In the gastrointestinal environment, XOS, especially short-chain XOS, are metabolized by bifidobacteria, stimulating their
* Rosana Goldbeck [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Monteiro Lobato, 80, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
growth and that of lactobacillus in detriment to the growth of harmful bacteria. XOS also increase the levels of shortchain fatty acids in the gastrointestinal tract and exert gastric ulcer protective effects [6–8]. Production of XOS from xylan-rich lignocellulosic materials (LCM) generally includes chemical methods, enzymatic methods, and a combination of these methods [9]. The production of XOS with chemical methods can be accomplished by steam, diluted solutions of mineral acids, or
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