Europium(III)-induced water-soluble nano-aggregates of hyaluronic acid and chitosan: structure and fluorescence
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Research Letter
Europium(III)-induced water-soluble nano-aggregates of hyaluronic acid and chitosan: structure and fluorescence Junlan Guo, Jianguo Tang, Jing Wang1, Sui Mao, Haidong Li, Yao Wang, Jin Liu, Jing Wang2, Yanxin Wang, and Linjun Huang, Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Technology Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, People’s Republic of China Matt J. Kipper, and Laurence A. Belfiore, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA Address all correspondence to Jianguo Tang at [email protected], Matt J. Kipper at [email protected], and Laurence A. Belfiore at Laurence.Belfi[email protected] (Received 17 March 2018; accepted 30 May 2018)
Abstract This paper presents new water-soluble bio-polyelectrolyte-based nanoparticles, formed from lanthanide-induced polysaccharide aggregates (LIPAs). These new nano-aggregates are formed by coordinating a photoluminescent lanthanide–ligand complex to a single polyelectrolyte [i.e. polyanionic hyaluronic acid (HA)] or to two oppositely charged polyelectrolytes [i.e. HA and polycationic chitosan (CHI)]. We demonstrate that photoluminescent Eu3+–ligand complexes, which are dispersed homogeneously in aqueous solution by the association with water-soluble HA. The polysaccharide supermolecular assembly can be tuned to obtain nanoparticles of different sizes and surface charges. The preparation of stable and water-soluble lanthanide complexes via Eu3+–LIPAs opens opportunities for use of luminescent lanthanides in aqueous environments, for biosensing and bioimaging applications.
Introduction Lanthanides possess long luminescent lifetimes with narrow emission bands in the visible and near-IR regions.[1–4] In contrast to organic fluorophores and quantum dots, lanthanides are known for their emission stability without either photobleaching or blinking. However, the luminescence intensities of lanthanides are relatively low. To enhance their luminescence, lanthanides are complexed with organic conjugate ligands, such as 2-thenoyl trifluoroacetone (tta) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen). These ligands serve as “antenna” molecules which improve luminescence intensity.[5–8] By this strategy, lanthanide complexes can be prepared with outstanding optical, electronic, and catalytic properties. In particular, the optical properties of luminescent lanthanide complexes make them excellent candidates for hybrid functional materials for artificial lighting, lasers, electro-luminescence devices, biosensors, and large flat panel displays.[9] However, these organic complexes usually have poor water solubility and are incompatible with aqueous biologic environments. Therefore, there is interest in improving the chemical characteristics by modifying the coordination compounds used to form luminescent lanthanide complexes.[10–12] To take advantage of the exce
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