Extraction of lignocellulosic constituents from cow dung: preparation and characterisation of nanocellulose
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Extraction of lignocellulosic constituents from cow dung: preparation and characterisation of nanocellulose Shivani Puri 1,2 & Sarthak Sharma 3 & Avnesh Kumari 3 & Mohit Sharma 1,2 & Upendra Sharma 1,2
&
Sanjay Kumar 2,3
Received: 10 August 2020 / Revised: 22 October 2020 / Accepted: 29 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Continuous growth of the livestock population over the years has led to the generation of huge livestock waste. Inadequate management of animal waste and its poor disposal poses a serious public health issue and also leads to environmental pollution. In the recent decade, the rational use of lignocellulosic biomass towards preparation of bioproducts such as biofuels and biotextile has come up as a promising alternative for the efficient utilisation of animal waste biomass. Hence, the current study is focused on the efficient utilisation of an abundant source of lignocellulosic constituents, i.e. cow dung by the extraction and estimation of cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose, respectively by an optimised kraft pulping method. The extracted cellulose was evaluated for the degree of polymerisation and was further used for the preparation of nanocellulose which has a wide range of applications. Cellulose and nanocellulose so obtained were morphologically and spectroscopically characterised by SEM-EDX, CHNS elemental analysis, TEM, and FT-IR techniques. Further, nanocellulose was also evaluated for its physical properties such as crystallinity index and zeta potential, which revealed their good crystallinity and excellent particle stability profile. Hence, this study is an innovative approach towards the valorisation of cow dung waste biomass into useful biomaterial, i.e. nanocellulose. Keywords Lignocellulosic biomass . Cow dung . Cellulose . Nanocellulose . Morphological and spectroscopic analysis
Abbreviations LB Lignocellulosic biomass KP Kraft pulping NC Nanocellulose α-NC Alpha-nanocellulose DP Degree of polymerisation CI Crystallinity index
* Mohit Sharma [email protected] * Upendra Sharma [email protected] * Sanjay Kumar [email protected] 1
Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur 176061, India
2
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P. 201002, India
3
Biotechnology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur 176061, India
1 Introduction Livestock sector is one of the fastest growing sectors globally. In 2019, the global livestock population accounts for about 989.03 million heads [1]. Developing economy like India accounts for 186 million in the production of large cattle, and it also holds the position of home to the highest population of cows in the world in 2019 [1]. The production of livestock on an industrial scale leads to simultaneous production of huge amount of dung which poses a serious threat to environment [2]. Animal dung waste management is a major challenge faced by the dairy industry and public health institutions globally. Cow dung waste is one of the major sources o
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