Fabrication of strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite scaffolds using 3D printing for enhanced bone regeneration
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Fabrication of strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite scaffolds using 3D printing for enhanced bone regeneration Hyun-Woo Kim1 and Young-Jin Kim1,* 1
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
Received: 26 June 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 24 September 2020
The use of porous three-dimensional (3D) bioceramic scaffolds to facilitate the regeneration of bone defects has attracted great attention because their structures closely mimic the natural extracellular matrix. 3D printing is a versatile method for the fabrication of 3D scaffolds. In this study, 3D strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite (Sr-HA) bioceramic scaffolds were prepared by simple precipitation and 3D printing method. The resulting scaffolds exhibited interconnected microporous structures of strands and a single-phase crystal due to HA, meaning that no changes in the phase composition and microstructure of the scaffolds with the Sr content were observed. However, their dissolution rate and biological performance were substantially influenced by changes in the Sr content of the scaffolds. The optimal Sr content in the Sr-HA scaffolds for enhanced proliferation and differentiation of cells were identified by comparing four compositions of the Sr-HA scaffolds. The results of in vitro bioactivity tests demonstrated that the Sr5-HA scaffold with 0.05 of Sr/(Ca ? Sr) molar ratio promoted more rapid cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and cellular mineralization compared with the other scaffolds. Therefore, Sr-HA scaffolds have the potential for application in bone regeneration as new bone graft substitutes.
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Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Introduction The repair of bone defects originating from trauma, tumor resection, and bone diseases demands additional functional components to promote bone
Handling Editor: Annela M. Seddon.
Address correspondence to E-mail: [email protected]
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05391-y
regeneration [1]. The reconstruction of bone defects is a complex biological process that requires proper biomaterials, precursor cells, and growth factors [1, 2]. Although autologous bone grafts are regarded as the gold standard for restoring bone defects, alternative materials are needed for the treatment of
J Mater Sci
large dimensional bone defects because of the limitations associated with autologous bone grafting, such as donor site morbidity and low graft availability [2, 3]. Hence, tissue-engineered functional biomaterials are currently recognized as the most promising substitutes for autologous bone grafts. The increasing need for bone grafts has led to the development of alternatives such as synthetic biomaterials [4]. Among various biomaterials, synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA)-based bioceramics have been successfully tested for bioactivity and are used clinically for the treatment of non-healing bone defects [2, 4, 5]. HA is chemically analogous to the mineral component of hard tissues in natural bones and thus exhibits excell
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